Annotated Stem List
This version of the stem list contains notes and comments based on the analysis of Ivy Doak. To access the list in a dictionary form, use the 'browse' or 'search' features above. Each entry begins with the stem identified by Reichard. The root identified by Doak is then presented, followed by a transliteration of the stem into the Salish and Nicodemus spelling systems. Notes are in the rightmost column. The stems are presented in several groups - first the 'verbs', then 'adverbs, interjections, and conjunctions', and finally the 'nouns'. Note that this list is currently under construction. Where we are missing information about a particular transcriptions of the Coeur d'Alene stem, you will find " -- "; forms for which we have no English translation are noted.
Reichard |
Doak |
Salish |
Nicodemus |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbs | |||||
a | |||||
| atsqä'ä | ʔacqeʔ | acqaʔ | atsqa' | go out, singular and plural | |
| ats̕x̣ | ʔac'x̣ | ac'x̣ | ats'qh | look at | |
| ayx̣ʷ | ʔayx̣ʷ | ayx̣ʷ(-t) | ayqhw(-t) | be tired | |
| ax̣il | ʔax̣il | ax̣il | aqhil | do thus | |
| aṛʷ | ʔaʕʷ | aʕʷ | a(w | be much, many | |
ɛ/e | |||||
| äpɬ | ʔepɬ | ɛpɫ | epɫ | there is, have | |
| äw | ʔew | ɛw(-t) | ew(-t) | oppose | |
| äm | ʔem | ɛm(-t) | em(-t) | share, feed | |
| äm | ʔem | ɛm | em | one sits | omitted from file; Reichard 1939 p. 92 |
| äkʷn | ʔekʷn | ɛkʷn | ekwn | say, tell | |
| äx-us | ʔexʷ-us | ɛx-us | ekh-us | look for, hunt | |
| änis | ʔenis | ɛnis | enis | leave, set out, go away | |
| äsil | ʔesil | ɛsil | esil | two | |
| ätcän̕ | ʔečen̕ | ɛčɛn' | eche'n | tie up sack | |
| ängwät | ʔengʷet | ɛngʷɛt | engwet | belong to | |
| ätcin | ʔečin | ɛčin | echin | do with, put, be the matter | |
| äl | ʔel | ɛl | el | move body | |
i | |||||
| ip̕ | ʔip̕ | ip' | ip' | wipe | |
| im | ʔim | im | im | try | |
| im | ʔim | im | im | gather together | |
| id | ʔid | id | id | exchange, barter | |
| ingwät | ʔingʷet | ingʷɛt | ingwet | be who, what | |
| idxʷ | ʔidxʷ | idxʷ | idkhw | be in form of cross | |
| itstc | ʔicč | icč | itsch | play | |
| igw | ʔigʷ | igʷ | igw | set out for | |
| ttc̕-ígwụl | t-č̕igʷl | tč'-i'gʷəl | tch'-i'gwl | climb | |
| ixʷụl | ʔixʷl | ixʷəl | ikhwl | be some | |
| ilk̕ʷ | ʔilk̕ʷ | ilk'ʷ | ilk'w | store new acquisition | |
| iɬn | ʔiɬn | iɫn | iɫn | eat | |
u, ɔ/o | |||||
| upEn | ʔupn | upən | upn | ten | |
| us-ɩlc | ʔus-lš | us-əlš | us-lsh | dive from land (face in horseshoe curve) | |
| utskʷ | ʔuckʷ | uckʷ | utskw | bathe, person swims | |
| ukʷ | ʔukʷ | ukʷ | ukw | carry, bring | |
| ukʷt | ʔukʷt | ukʷt | ukwt | crawl | |
| ɔqʷs | ʔoqʷs | ɔqʷs | oqws | drink | |
| ɔh-i'ɩt | ʔoh-iʔt | ɔh-iʔt | oh-i't | have a cold | |
| ɔr | ʔor | ɔr(-t) | or(-t) | be frozen stiff | |
b | |||||
| bam | bam | bam | bam | be intoxicated, be versatile | |
| bäm | bem | bɛm | bem | buzz | |
| bum | bum | bum | bum | speed (used of drunks) | |
| buts | buc | buc | buts | be boots (Eng. used for rubber boots) | |
| bam | ʔuubám | bam(u-) | bam(u-) | go fast and far | |
p | |||||
| pa'axʷ | paʔx̣ | paʔax̣ | pa'aqh | think over (cp pax̣ be wise) | |
| paw̕ | paw̕ | paw' | pa'w | drum on drum | |
| patx̣ʷ | patx̣ʷ | patx̣ʷ | patqhw | burst forth (as oil, water, pus) | |
| pas | pas | pas | pas | be astonished, bewildered, amaze, wonder | |
| pa'as | paʔs | paʔas | pas | come to surface (cp. pas be astonished) | |
| pan̕ | pan̕ | pan' | pa'n | be spouse | |
| pax̣ | pax̣ | pax̣ | paqh | be wise, think, reflect - -t, tell myths | |
| pax̣ | pax̣ | pax̣ | paqh | rub on rough surface (as strike match) | |
| pax̣ʷ | pax̣ʷ | pax̣ʷ | paqhw | scatter, distribute in order | |
| par | par | par | par | be white with powder | |
| parq̕ (parq̕) | parq' | -- | parq' | be curved | |
| par̕kʷ | par̕kʷ | par'kʷ | pa'rkw | pierce | |
| paṛʷ | paʕʷ | paʕʷ | pa(w | defecate | |
| päw̕ | pew̕ | pɛw' | pe'w | drum on tin | |
| pätqʷ | petqʷ | pɛtqʷ | petqw | race | |
| pääst-ä'ä | pesteʔ | pɛst-ɛʔ | pest-e' | be half, one side | |
| pän̕ | pen̕ | pɛn' | pe'n | bend, be bent | |
| päy̕-piy̕ | piy̕ | pɛy'-piy'(-t) | pe'y-pi'y(-t) | be delightful (cp. piy be happy) | |
| päkʷ | pekʷ | pɛkʷ | pekw | lay pl. round objects | |
| päxʷ | pexʷ | pɛxʷ | pekhw | get small catch of fish | |
| päxʷ | pexʷ | pɛxʷ | pekhw | wind-blown | |
| päq | peq | pɛq | peq | white, bleached, silver | |
| tᴇ-päx̣ʷ | tepex̣ʷ | tə-pɛx̣ʷ | t-peqhw | spit, saliva | |
| päɬ | peɬ | pɛɫ | peɫ | be thick layer | |
| pär̕kʷ | per̕kʷ | pɛr'kʷ | pe'rkw | nail | |
| päṛʷ | peʕʷ | pɛʕʷ | pe(w | be surplus, plus | |
| piw̕ | piw̕ | piw' | pi'w | move in jerks | |
| piw̕ | piw̕ | piw' | pi'w | be light in weight (perhaps same as preceding) | |
| pis | pis | pis | pis | pl. objects are big | |
| pitsxʷ | picxʷ | picxʷ(-t) | pitskhw(-t) | become angry with defeat or discouragement | |
| piy | piy | piy | piy | be happy | |
| pigw | pigʷ | pigʷ | pigw | swell, breathe | (see √piw̕) |
| piɬ | piɬ | piɫ | piɫ | be scattered | |
| pih | pih | pih | pih | rise to surface, separate (as cream) | (only attested with C2 reduplication) |
| pu'us | puʔs | puʔus | pu'us | swell, bubble, ferment | |
| put-ä'ä | puteʔ | put-ɛʔ | put-e' | respect, honor, worship | |
| pus | pus | pus(- -t) | pus(- -t) | be a nuisance | |
| pus | pus | pus | pus | be engrossed in digestion | |
| pụ-pus-intc | pupusínč | pə-pus-inč | p-pus-inch | be sad, sorry, mournful (seems not to be dim.) | |
| puxʷ | puxʷ | puxʷ | pukhw | blow with mouth | |
| puqʷ-ilc | pqʷil | puqʷ-ilš | puqw-ilsh | come to observe | |
| pulut | pulut | pulut | pulut | kill, injure | |
| pulk̕ʷ (p̕ulk̕ʷ) | pulk'ʷ | -- | pulk'w | fold sheetlike object | |
| puɬ | puɬ | puɫ | puɫ | foam (prog. dis.) | |
| pɔs | pos | pɔs | pos | concentrate (also, 'comical' LN) | |
| pɩs-ic | psíš | pəs-iš | ps-ish | gather wood (cp. pis pl. are large) | |
p' | |||||
| p̕a'ax̣ʷ | p̕aʔx̣ | p'aʔax̣ | p'a'aqh | heal, become well | (includes glottal stop infix) |
| p̕at̕ | p̕at̕ | p'at' | p'at' | pour mushy stuff, dream (prog. dis.) | |
| p̕ats̕ | p̕ac̕ | p'ac' | p'ats' | squirt, defecate (prog. dis.) | |
| p̕aq̕ʷ | p̕aq̕ʷ | p'aq'ʷ | p'aq'w | powder | |
| p̕ax̣ʷ-i'ɩt | p̕ax̣ʷ-iʔt | p'ax̣ʷ-iʔt | p'aqhw-i't | cough | |
| p̕aɬq | p̕aɬq | p'aɫq | p'aɫq | put away, pack up | |
| p̕ä'ä | p̕eʔ | p'ɛʔ | p'e' | squeeze in orgasm | |
| p̕ät | p̕et | p'ɛt | p'et | fall to ground of own weight (as grain) | |
| p̕ät̕ | p̕et̕ | p'ɛt' | p'et' | slip out of place | |
| p̕än | p̕en | p'ɛn | p'en | pl. long objects lie | |
| p̕ät̕ | p̕et̕ | p'ɛt' | p'et' | be smooth | |
| p̕äy̕ | p̕ey̕ | p'ey' | p'e'y | press, milk | |
| p̕ägw | p̕egʷ | p'ɛgʷ | p'egw | nag | |
| p̕ältc̕ | p̕elč̕ | p'ɛlč' | p'elch' | turn flat thing over (as body) | |
| p̕är | p̕er | p'ɛr(-t) | p'er(-t) | flood, be in excess, overflow | |
| p̕i'ɩ | p̕iʔ | p'iʔ | p'i' | crush by pressing | |
| p̕its̕ | p̕ic̕ | p'ic' | p'its' | push | |
| p̕iy̕ | p̕iy̕ | p'iy' | p'i'y | squeeze | |
| p̕ixʷ | p̕ixʷ | p'ixʷ(u-) | p'ikhw(u-) | be bright with own light, (- -t) be bright from reflection | |
| p̕iltc̕ | p̕ilč̕ | p'ilč' | p'ilch' | turn round objects | |
| p̕iɬ | p̕iɬ | p'iɫ | p'iɫ | persons sit | |
| p̕u'ut̕ | p̕uʔt | p'uʔut' | p'u'ut' | be greasy, oily | |
| p̕um | p̕um | p'um | p'um | be mouse-colored | |
| p̕ut̕ | p̕ut̕ | p'ut' | p'ut' | come to an end (as river, road, woods) | |
| p̕usq̕ʷ | p'usq'ʷ | -- | p'usq'w | crumple, collapse | unverified; see p̕saq̕ʷ |
| p̕uy̕ | p̕uy̕ | p'uy' | p'u'y | be wrinkled | |
| p̕uɬ | p̕uɬ | p'uɫ | p'uɫ | be poison ivy, use poison ivy | |
| p̕ɔts̕ | p̕oc̕ | p'ɔc' | p'ots' | smash | |
| p̕ɩtc̕ | p̕ɪč̕ | p'əč'(u-) | p'ch'(u-) | shine, glitter | |
| p̕ɩl | p̕ɪl | p'əl | p'l | turn (as eyelid) | |
| p̕ɩp̕ɩl | p̕ɪp̕ɪl | p'əp'əl(u-) | p'p'l(u-) | smashed flat | |
| p̕ᴇsaq̕ʷ | p̕saq̕ʷ | p'əsaq'ʷ | p'saq'w | bone breaks | |
m | |||||
| may | may | may | may | predict, foresee (with -qən voice) | |
| may | may | may | may | be muddy | |
| maq̕ʷ | maq̕ʷ | maq'ʷ | maq'w | pl. objects lie, pile | |
| max̣ʷ | max̣ʷ | max̣ʷ | maqhw | cover with snow | |
| mal̕ | mal̕ | mal'(-p) | ma'l(-p) | be uncomfortably warm (prog. dis.) | |
| mal̕ | mal̕ | mal' | ma'l | come to boil (prog. dis.) (same as preceding?) | |
| malq̕ʷ | malq̕ʷ | malq'ʷ(u-) | malq'w(u-) | be spherical, make into lump | |
| maɬq | maɬq | maɫq | maɫq | heavy convex object collapses | |
| mar-im | marim | mar-im | mar-im | treat for illness | |
| markʷ-ä'ä | markʷ-eʔ | markʷ-ɛʔ | markw-e' | season with food (as camas with blood) | |
| mä | -- | mɛ | me | be undecided | unverified |
| mäy | mey | mɛy(u-) | mey(u-) | be evident that, know, -p come to know | |
| mäy | -- | mɛy | mey | arrange | unverified |
| mäy̕ | mey̕ | mɛy'(- -t) | me'y(- -t) | report | |
| mäts | mec | mɛc | mets | be dull | |
| mäts̕ | mec̕ | mɛc' | mets' | grease | |
| mätc̕ | meč̕ | mɛč' | mech' | be well-shaped (as workhorse) | |
| män̕ | -- | mɛn' | me'n | rub | unstressed variant of min̕ |
| mäxʷ | mexʷ | mɛxʷ(-t) | mekhw(-t) | laugh | |
| mäx̣ʷ | mex̣ʷ | mɛxʷ(-t) | mekhw(-t) | be in extreme agony | |
| mälk̕ʷ | melk̕ʷ | mɛlk'ʷ | melk'w | be whole, intact, complete | |
| mälk̕ʷ | melk̕ʷ | mɛlk'ʷ | melk'w | curdle | |
| mäɬ | meɬ | mɛɫ | meɫ | persons lie | |
| mäṛʷ | meʕʷ | mɛʕʷ | me(w | smash, ruin | |
| mii | mii | mii | mii | discover, learn | unstressed variant of mey |
| mii | mii(u-) | mii(u-) | mii(u-) | be evident that not | |
| mi'ɩ | miʔ | miʔ(-t) | mi'(-t) | bore | |
| mi'ɩm | miʔm | miʔm | mi'm | send away, drive off | |
| miʔt | miʔt | miʔt | mi't | be middle | |
| min-s | min-s | min-s | min-s | turn face away | unverified |
| min̕ | min̕ | min' | mi'n | smear, paint | also 'rub' |
| miy | miy | miy(u-) | miy(u-) | make clear, know (an idea) | unstressed variant of mey |
| miy | miy | miy | miy | be dignified | unverified |
| mik̕ʷ | mik̕ʷ | mik'ʷ | mik'w | snow | |
| mixʷ | mixʷ | mixʷ | mikhw | hang in bunches (earth as it appears from sky) | |
| milxʷ | milxʷ | milxʷ | milkhw | be naked | |
| mil̕xʷ | mil̕xʷ | mil'xʷ | mi'lkhw | smoke tobacco | |
| miɬ | miɬ | miɫ | miɫ | rest | |
| mil̕ | mil̕ | mil' | mi'l | repair | |
| mil̕ | mil̕ | mil' | mi'l | distribute (as food at feast) | |
| mil̕ | mil̕ | mil' | mi'l | wait for | |
| mil̕ | mil̕ | mil' | mi'l | be aimless | |
| mim-cit | mumšit | mum-šit | mum-shit | help with burden | unclear if -šit applicative or part of root (see čn̕šit) |
| mus | mus | mus | mus | fumble, feel about | |
| mus | mus | mus | mus | four | |
| mul | -- | mul | mul | be soil, dirt (prog. dis.) | expect mal or mol |
| mul | mul | mul | mul | dip up (prog. dis.) | (R's prog. dis. not verified) |
| mᴐ'ᴐt | moʔt | mɔʔt | mo't | smoke (prog. dis.) | |
| mᴐq | moq | mɔq (- -t) | moq | be excitable | |
| mᴇntuw̕-il̕c | mntuw̕ | məntuw'-il'š | mntu'w-i'lsh | arrive at destination promptly | |
m' | |||||
| m̕iw | m̕iw | m'iw | 'miw | cat meows | |
w | |||||
| wa'ax̣ | waʔx̣ | waʔax̣ | wa'aqh | smart (as mucus membrane or skin) | |
| way | wayq | way | way | bother | unverified as way |
| wax̣ˑˑˑ | wax̣ | wax̣ | waqh | brook murmurs | |
| wax̣ | wax̣ | wax̣ | waqh | chap, (u-) having become chapped, (-t) inherently chapped, rough from chapping | |
| wältc̕ | welč̕ | wɛlč' | welch' | roll solid object | |
| wi'ɩ | wiʔ | wiʔ | wi' | cry out, shout | |
| wi'ɩp | wiʔp | wiʔp | wi'p | transform | |
| wit | wit | wit | wit | be full of maggots | |
| winc | winš | winš | winsh | dance wardance | |
| wic | wiš | wiš | wish | build, dwell, poles stand up | |
| wih | wih | wih | wih | dog barks | |
| wụx̣ʷ | wuxʷ | wəx̣ʷ | wqhw | fire gets draft | |
| wɩl̕ | wəl' | wəl' | w'l | act unnatural, silly | unverified glottalization, vowel |
| w'ät | w'ɛt(u-) | w'ɛt(u-) | 'wet(u-) | be just outside door (probably dim. of gʷɛt[?]) | unverified |
d | |||||
| daq̕ | -- | daq' | daq' | peer through cracks | unverified |
| dax̣ | dax̣ | dax̣ | daqh | drive many, round up animals | |
| daxʷ | dax̣ʷ | daxʷ(-p) | dakhw(-p) | hard object breaks in pieces | |
| dar | dar | dar | dar | pl. solid objects stand | |
| däm | dem | dɛm | dem | be very old | |
| däs | des | dɛs | des | camp | |
| däx̣ | dex̣ | dɛx̣ | deqh | round up | |
| däx̣ | dex̣ | dɛx̣(-t) | deqh(-t) | pl. go, depart travel | |
| däxʷ | dex̣ʷ | dɛx̣ʷ | deqhw | lower, descend, dismount | |
| däl̕ | del̕ | dɛl' | de'l | lie down like animal | |
| dik̕ʷ | dik̕ʷ | dik'ʷ | dik'w | cross | |
| dik̕ʷ-s | dik̕ʷ | dik'ʷ-s | dik'w-s | turn about in going (cross face) | this includes the face suffix =us |
| dilk̕ʷ | dilk̕ʷ | dilk'ʷ | dilk'w | cover entirely, conceal | |
| diɬ | diɬ | diɫ | diɫ | rustle, shake | |
| du'ukʷ | duʔkʷ | duʔukʷ | du'ukw | be stingy, grudge | |
| dul | dul | dul | dul | sing warsong | |
| dul̕ | dul̕ | dul' | du'l | run fast, pursue | |
| dᴐq̕ʷ | doq̕ʷ | dɔq'ʷ(-t) | doq'w(-t) | wood is rotten | |
| dᴐlq̕ʷ | dolq̕ʷ | dɔlq'ʷ | dolq'w | person is strong | |
| dɩlim | dlim | dəlim | dlim | gallop go on fours | |
t | |||||
| tam | tam | tam | tam | scorch, toast, singe (prog. dis) | |
| tatq | -- | tatq | tatq | hang strips of smoked fat | unverified |
| tagw | tagʷ | taqʷ | taqw | buy | typo, harmony form of √tegʷ |
| taxʷ | -- | taxʷ | takhw | twirl | unverified |
| taq | taq | taq | taq | touch, cover with hand | |
| tax̣ | tax̣ | tax̣ | taqh | be bitter, sharp to taste | |
| tal̕q | tal̕q | tal'q | ta'lq | touch with foot, step on, kick | |
| tar | tar | tar | tar | untie, loosen | |
| tar̕ | tar̕ | tar' | ta'r | be laid out in trails, have trails | |
| tämxʷ | temxʷ | tɛmxʷ | temkhw | tree is rotten | |
| täwc | tewš | tɛwš | tewsh | go across | |
| täw̕š-ä(tct) | téwšečt | tɛwš-ɛ(čt) | tewsh-e(cht) | six | with hand suffix =ičt (stress on root) |
| täd-ɩc | tédiš | tɛd-əš | ted-sh | squirm | with suffix -iš |
| tän | ten | tɛn | ten | pull line, (u-) be tight, (- -t) (clothes) fit tight, (-p) become tight (as rawhide) | |
| tän̕ | ten̕ | tɛn' | te'n | arranged in line | |
| täs | tes | tɛs(-p) | tes(-p) | bulge | |
| tägw | tegʷ | tɛgʷ | tegw | buy, sell | |
| tegʷ | tɛgʷ | tɛgʷ | tegw | fail to reach | |
| täkʷ | tekʷ | tɛkʷ | tekw | be stuffy (devoid of air), (u-) room is close, (-p) choke, smother | |
| täxʷ | texʷ | tɛxʷ | tekhw | add to a store | |
| täq | teq | tɛq | teq | use sharp practise, cheat | |
| täx̣ʷ | tex̣ʷ | tɛx̣ʷ(u-) | teqhw(u-) | stop shaking | |
| täx̣ʷ | tex̣ʷ | tɛx̣ʷ | teqhw | one stops | |
| täl | tel | tɛl(-p) | tel(-p) | soft object breaks off | |
| täɬ | teɬ | tɛɫ(u-) | teɫ(u-) | be straight, u-tɛ́ɫt, go directly | |
| ti'ɩ | tiʔ | tiʔ | ti' | pound, hit | |
| ti'i'ɩ | tiʔiʔ | tiʔi | ti'i | bump | with noncontrol reduplication |
| ti'ɩɬ | tiʔɬ | tiʔɫ | ti'ɫ | one flies | |
| tim̕ | tiʔm | tim' | ti'm | use | only one occurrence |
| tim̕ | tim̕ | tim' | ti'm | ground is clear of snow | |
| tiw-ä'ä | tiweʔ | tiw-ɛʔ | tiw-e' | indulge | 'award' |
| tiy̕-äqʷ | ty̕eqʷ | tiy'-ɛqʷ(-t) | ti'y-eqw(-t) | fight | |
| tikʷ | tikʷ | tikʷ | tikw | suspect, smell out | |
| tixʷ | tixʷ | tixʷ | tikhw | collect, gather, secure | |
| tilp | tilp | tilp | tilp | break up | |
| tiɬ | tiɬ | tiɫ(-t) | tiɫ(-t) | brushy objects sprawl | |
| tuu | tuˑ | tu | tu | crowd, swarm | |
| tup | tup | tup | tup | cool | only inchoative verified tuʔp |
| tum | -- | tum | tum | pump, suck through tube | unverified; only in word for 'trout' stúmiš |
| tuw̕ | tuw̕ | tuw' | tu'w | stuff | |
| tuts | -- | tuc(u-) | tuts(u-) | be wellfed | unverified |
| tukʷ | tukʷ | tukʷ | tukw | beat, tick | |
| tᴐr | tor | tɔr | tor | be tough (as meat, leather) | |
| tᴐr | tor | tɔr | tor | stretch out, extend (as hand) | |
| tᴐr-s | tor | tɔr-s | tor-s | beckon with eye | with =us 'eye' |
| twip̕ | twip̕ | twip'(-t) | twip'(-t) | step over obstruction | |
| twɩl-ats | -- | twel-ac | twel-ats | aim, point long thing at | unverified |
| tqus | -- | tqus | tqus | be defeated, fire goes out | |
| tʀim | tʕim | tʕim(-t) | t(im(-t) | shout | |
| tʀäh-im | tʕeh-im | tʕɛh-im | t(eh-im | give warwhoop, yell | |
t' | |||||
| t̕ap | t̕ap | t'ap | t'ap | shoot (prog. dis.) | |
| t̕apq | t̕apq | t'apq | t'apq | stick pinlike object in | |
| t̕am̕ | t̕am̕ | t'am' | t'a'm | make damp, lick, kiss | |
| t̕as | t̕as | t'as | t'as | be thin, skinny | |
| t̕asq | t̕asq | t'asq | t'asq | be weary with waiting | unverified |
| t̕aq | t̕aq | t'aq | t'aq | bushy stuff lies | |
| t̕aq-t | t̕aqt | t'aq-t | t'aq-t | birds return from migration | |
| t̕ax̣ | t̕ax̣ | t'ax̣(u-) | t'aqh(u-) | be swift | |
| t̕ax̣t.c | t̕ax̣tš | t'ax̣tš | t'aqhtsh | be unbearable | def unverified |
| t̕aqʷ | t̕aqʷ | t'aq'ʷ | t'aq'w | slap | expect unglottalized qʷ |
| t̕aq̕ʷ-s | t̕aq̕ʷs | t'alq'ʷ-s | t'alq'w-s | egg or eye bursts | no l; takes =us suffix (after root final s) |
| t̕alq̕ | talq̕ | t'alq' | t'alq' | take out (as from the mouth or container) | |
| t̕äp | t̕ep | t'ɛp | t'ep | pl. stop | |
| t̕äm | t̕em | t'ɛm(u-,-t) | t'em(u-,-t) | be damp | |
| t̕äm | t̕em | t'ɛm | t'em | cut with scissors | |
| t̕äm̕ | t̕em̕ | t'ɛm' | t'e'm | cut cloth by sliding scissors through | |
| t̕äc | t̕eš | t'ɛš(-t) | t'esh(-t) | be sweet | |
| t̕ädj | t̕eǰ | t'ɛǰ | t'ej | pour liquid | |
| t̕äkʷ | t̕ekʷ | t'ɛkʷ | t'ekw | pl. cry out, make noise like colt | |
| t̕äkʷ | t̕ekʷ | t'ɛkʷ(u-) | t'ekw(u-) | be watertight | |
| t̕äkʷ-s | t̕ekʷs | t'ɛkʷ-s | t'ekw-s | bleed | |
| t̕äk̕ʷ | t̕ek̕ʷ | t'ɛk'ʷ | t'ek'w | one lies | |
| t̕äk̕ʷ | t̕ek̕ʷ | t'ɛk'ʷ | t'ek'w | be lighted | |
| t̕äxʷ | t̕exʷ | t'ɛxʷ | t'ekhw | pl. die, kill pl. | |
| t̕äqʷ | t̕eqʷ | t'ɛq'ʷ(u-) | t'eq'w(u-) | go off, explode | |
| t̕äl̕ | t̕el̕ | t'ɛl' | t'e'l | tear, rip | |
| t̕im | t̕im | t'im | t'im | shake hands | |
| t̕im̕ | t̕im̕ | t'im' | t'i'm | tear cloth from bolt | unverified |
| t̕id-äm | t̕idm | t'id-ɛm | t'id-em | frail, fragile | |
| t̕its̕ | t̕ic̕ | t'ic' | t'its' | smooth by rubbing | |
| t̕ic | t̕iš | t'iš | t'ish | be sweetened | |
| t̕itc | t̕ič | t'ič | t'ich | protrude | |
| t̕itc̕ | t̕ič̕ | t'ič' | t'ich' | provide food for travel | |
| t̕ikʷ | t̕ikʷ | t'ikʷ(-t) | t'ikw(-t) | be told, (- -t) parents | |
| tixʷ-ụl | t̕ixʷl | t'ixʷ-əl | t'ikhw-l | be different, abnormal | |
| t̕um | t̕um | t'um | t'um | smirk, mouth in sucking position | |
| t̕um̕ | t̕um̕ | t'um' | t'u'm | pipelike, hollow tube | |
| t̕uw̕änt | gʷen | t'uw'ɛnt | t'u'went | be very low (dim. of gʷɛnt) | t-w̕+w̕ént --> tʔuw̕ént --> t̕uw̕ént (gʷ --> w̕ when reduplicated initially) |
| t̕uk̕ʷ | t̕uk̕ʷ | t'uk'ʷ | t'uk'w | be uneven like roots pushing up ground | |
| t̕uxʷ | t̕uxʷ | t'uxʷ(-t) | t'ukhw(-t) | one wades | |
| t̕uxʷ-ilc | t̕uxʷ-ilš | t'uxʷ-ilš | t'ukhw-ilsh | one jumps off of | |
| t̕ᴐɬ | t̕oɬ | t'ɔɫ | t'oɫ | be lumpy, sticky with mud | |
| t̕ul̕ | t̕ul̕ | t'ul' | t'u'l | decent, real, human, trained, refined, civilized | |
| t̕ul̕ | t̕ul̕ | t'ul' | t'u'l | get acquainted, have poise, be approachable, well to do | |
| t̕ᴐxʷ | t̕oxʷ | t'ɔxʷ | t'okhw | fear supernatural (witch) power | |
| t̕ᴐqʷ | t̕oqʷ | t'ɔqʷ | t'oqw | have power, succeed in everything | |
| t̕ɩcsᴐ'ᴐ | t̕išsoʔ | t'əšsɔʔ | t'shso' | sneeze | |
| t̕ụxʷup | t̕xʷup | t'əxup | t'khup | win, earn | |
| t̕ụqʷ | -- | t'əqʷ | t'qw | team up, marry | unverified |
| t̕ᴇp | -- | t'ɛp | t'ep | jump aside | unverified |
| t̕ụk̕ʷip | t̕k̕ʷip | t'ək'ʷip | t'k'wip | start to | |
| t̕ụq̕ʷ | -- | t'əq'ʷ | t'q'w | put out light | √t̕aq̕ʷs |
n | |||||
| nas | nas | nas(u-) | nas(u-) | wet | |
| naq | naq | naq | naq | be satiated with food | |
| naq̕ | naq̕ | naq' | naq' | organic substance is rotten | |
| naq̕ʷ | naq̕ʷ | naq'ʷ | naq'w | steal | |
| nä'äkun | neʔkʷun | nɛʔkun | ne'kun | think | |
| näpt | nept | nɛpt | nept | pl. enter | |
| näk̕ʷ-ä'ä | nek̕ʷeʔ | nɛk'ʷ-ɛʔ | nek'w-e' | one | |
| näq̕ | neq̕ | nɛq'(u-) | neq'(u-) | be sticky | |
| när | ner | nɛr | ner | paint | |
| niw̕ | niw̕ | niw'(-t) | ni'w(-t) | wind blows | |
| nitc | nič | nič | nich | protect | |
| nitc̕ | nič̕ | nič' | nich' | cut with blade | |
| nik̕ʷ | nik̕ʷ | nik'ʷ | nik'w | be tribe | |
| nuxʷ | nuxʷ | nuxʷ(-t) | nukhw(-t) | frog swims | |
| nᴐts | noc | nɔc | nots | tender, soft (as meat, rubber) | |
n' | |||||
| ax̣ʷ | n̕ax̣ʷ | n'ax̣ʷ(-t) | 'naqhw(-t) | downstream | |
| n̕-id | n̕id | n'-id | 'n-id | exchange, trade, pay for | |
| n̕uɬxʷ | n̕uɬxʷ | n'uɫxʷ | 'nuɫkhw | one enters | |
| n̕n̕ᴐy̕-ä'ä | n̕n̕oy̕eʔ | n'n'ɔy'-ɛʔ | 'n'no'y-e' | weak (dim) | |
s | |||||
| sa'ax̣ | saʔx̣ | saʔax̣ | sa'aqh | dissolve | |
| san̕ | san̕ | san'(-t) | sa'n(-t) | tame (prog, dis.), (-p) be drowsy | |
| saq̕ | saq̕ | saq' | saq' | gape, split in two | |
| sax̣ | sax̣ | sax̣ | saqh | hew, whittle | |
| saṛʷ | saʕʷ | saʕʷ | sa(w | flow, (-p) leak | |
| sättc | setč | sɛtč | setch | twist solid object (as vine, wire) | |
| sägwät | segʷ | sɛgʷɛt | segwet | who? | √segʷ-et; also occurs alone and with -eʔ, -ɬ |
| säxʷ | sexʷ | sɛxʷ | sekhw | carry on back | |
| säxʷq | sexʷq | sɛxʷq | sekhwq | splash | |
| säx̣ʷ | sex̣ʷ | sɛx̣ʷ(u-,-t) | seqhw(u-,-t) | sound of cracking timbers | |
| säl | sel | sɛl | sel | turn, spin in eye, turn swiftly | |
| sii-siyus | siysiyus | sii-siyus | sii-siyus | astute, canny, capable, clever, cautious, competent, diligent, discerning, enterprising, prudent, sagacious, shrewed, skillful, successful, intelligent, resourceful, adaptable | always appears to occur reduplicated |
| sip̕-äy̕ | sip̕ey̕ | sip'-ɛy' | sip'-e'y | be buckskin | |
| sid-ɩst | sidist | sidəst | sidst | night passes, spend night | |
| sits | sic | sic | sits | be new | |
| sits̕ | sic̕ | sic' | sits' | be blanket, be blanketed | |
| siy | siy | siy | siy | exert (see sii-siyus) | |
| siy | siy | siy | siy | cut and gather cedarbark | |
| sigw | sigʷ | sigʷ | sigw | ask for | |
| sixʷ | sixʷ | sixʷ | sikhw | pour solid objects or liquid | |
| sil | sil | sil | sil | turn, cause dizziness | |
| sum̕ | sum̕ | sum' | su'm | smell at, sniff | |
| su'ut̕ | suʔt̕ | suʔut' | su'ut' | stretch | |
| suk̕ʷ | suk̕ʷ | suk'ʷ | suk'w | float with current | |
| suxʷ | suxʷ | suxʷ(-t) | sukhw(-t) | be acquainted with, know | |
| suxʷ-ɩlc | suxʷ | suxʷ-əlš | sukhw-lsh | fish dives | |
| sul | sul | sul(u-) | sul(u-) | be cold (as body, stove, iron, corpse), (-t) be cold (as body, things in refrigerator) | |
| sɩlup | sil | səlup | slup | spin of itself, set self spinning | sfx -up nonvolitional |
| sɩls-us | -- | səls-us | sls-us | houses blow down | unconfirmed vowel |
| swi'ɩ | swiʔ | swiʔ | swi' | be handsome, beautiful (of persons only) | |
| slip̕ | slip̕ | slip' | slip' | be wood | |
c/ts | |||||
| tsas | cas | cas(-t) | tsas(-t) | be long slender, be fine | |
| tsap̕ | cap̕ | cap' | tsap' | girls 'snap' eyes to show contempt | |
| tsaq | caq | caq | tsaq | solid object stands upright | |
| tsaqip | caqíp | caqip | tsaqip | follow | |
| tsaqʷ | caqʷ | caqʷ | tsaqw | long object slips into hollow object | |
| tsax̣ʷ | cax̣ʷ | cax̣ʷ | tsaqhw | increase as by saving | |
| tsalxʷ or tsalx̣ʷ | calxʷ, calx̣ʷ | calxʷ (calx̣ʷ) | tsalkhw | claw, dig, dig claws in | note that Reichard uses ts̕alx̣ʷ, tsalx̣ʷ, tsalxʷ |
| tsaʀ | caʕ | caʕ | tsa( | scream, shriek with pain | |
| tsaṛʷ | caʕʷ | caʕʷ | tsa(w | fringe | |
| tsätxʷ | cetxʷ | cɛtxʷ | tsetkhw | be house | |
| tsätc | ceč | cɛč | tsech | thunder strikes | |
| tsägw | cegʷ | cɛgʷ | tsegw | be feather | |
| tsägw | cegʷ | cɛgʷ | tsegw | behave, have character | |
| tsäkʷ | cek̕ʷ | cɛk'ʷ | tsek'w | drag, pull | |
| tsäxʷ | cexʷ | cɛxʷ | tsekhw | pet | |
| tsä'äxʷ | ceʔxʷ | cɛʔxʷ | tse'khw | caress | |
| tsäxʷ | cexʷ | cɛxʷ | tsekhw | peel bark off twig | |
| tsäqʷ | ceqʷ | cɛqʷ | tseqw | be bright pink (color of tamarack wood) | |
| tsäls | cels | cɛls | tsels | sound guilty | |
| tsi'ɩ | ciʔ | ciʔ | tsi' | there near second person | |
| tsi'ɩxʷ | ciʔxʷ | ciʔxʷ | tsi'khw | pl. wade, enter water | |
| tsiw̕ | ciw̕ | ciw' | tsi'w | be youngest child | |
| tsis | cis | cis | tsis | be made long and slender | |
| tsic | ciš | ciš | tsish | be long, tall | |
| tsic | ciš | ciš(u-) | tsish(u-) | be heated | |
| tsikʷ | cikʷ | cik'ʷ | tsik'w | cause blurry look | |
| tsil | cil | cil | tsil | five | |
| tsih | cih | cih | tsih | be next to move | |
| tsum | cum | cum | tsum | be surfeited with fat | |
| tsuw̕ | cuw̕ | cuw' | tsu'w | punch | |
| tsun | cun | cun | tsun | point, show | |
| tsun-tct | cun-čt | cun-čt | tsun-cht | seven | |
| tsus | cus | cus | tsus | snake rattles | |
| tsuy̕ | cuy̕̕ | cuy'(u-, -t) | tsu'y(u-, -t) | be chilly, make gooseflesh | |
| tsᴐ'ᴐt | coʔt | cɔʔt | tso't | sob (prog. dis.) | |
| tsɩtsä | cceʔ | cəcɛ | tstse | leave alone, unharmed | |
| tsɩtsäm̕ä'ä | ccémeʔ | cəcɛm'-ɛʔ | tstse'm-e' | pl. are small | |
| tsụkʷigw | ckʷigʷt | cəkʷigʷ(-t) | tskwigw(-t) | see dimly, be indistinct to sight | |
c'/ts' | |||||
| ts̕ap̕q̕ | c̕ap̕aq̕ | c'ap'q' | ts'ap'q' | adhere, stick to (as glue) | evidence of stress on either vowel, i.e., c̕áp̕q̕ and c̕əp̕áq̕ both occur |
| ts̕am | c̕am | c'am | ts'am | be nearly pointed (as football, or lemon) | |
| ts̕aw | c̕aw | c'aw(u-) | ts'aw(u-) | be dry, boring, washed out (lit. soaked out) | |
| ts̕aw̕ | c̕aw̕ | c'aw' | ts'a'w | wash | |
| ts̕aw̕q | c̕aw̕q | c'aw'q | ts'a'wq | pull out solid object (as nail out of board) | |
| ts̕aq̕ | c̕aq̕ | c'aq' | ts'aq' | be bunched, clumped | |
| ts̕ax̣ʷ | c̕ax̣ʷ | c'ax̣ʷ | ts'aqhw | choose | |
| ts̕ax̣ʷ | c̕ax̣ʷ | c'ax̣ʷ | ts'aqhw | promise | |
| ts̕al-alqʷ | c̕əlálqʷ | c'al-alqʷ | ts'al-alqw | play stickgame (c'al one person stands; -alqʷ long object) | √c̕el=alqʷ |
| ts̕alx̣ʷ | c̕alx̣ʷ | c'alx̣ʷ | ts'alqhw | claw, dig claws in | |
| ts̕ar | c̕ar | c'ar | ts'ar | be ill, hurt, ache | |
| ts̕ar | c̕ar | c'ar(-t) | ts'ar(-t) | feel cold to touch (stove, ice) | |
| ts̕äp̕ | c̕ep̕ | c'ɛp' | ts'ep' | lightproof | |
| ts̕äs | c̕es | c'ɛs | ts'es | collect by pecking, salvage | |
| ts̕äsp | c̕esp | c'ɛsp | ts'esp | annihilate, destroy, consume, use up | |
| ts̕ätc | c̕eč | c'ɛč | ts'ech | count, number | |
| ts̕äk̕ʷ | c̕ek̕ʷ | c'ɛk'ʷ(u-) | ts'ek'w(u-) | be stiff (as bones) | |
| ts̕äx̣ | c̕ex̣ | c'ɛx̣ | ts'eqh | fry | |
| ts̕äqʷ | c̕eqʷ | c'ɛqʷ | ts'eqw | butcher | |
| ts̕äx̣ʷ | c̕ex̣ʷ | c'ɛx̣ʷ | ts'eqhw | spark | |
| ts̕äl | c̕el | c'ɛl | ts'el | one stands | |
| ts̕äl̕ | c̕el̕ | c'ɛl' | ts'e'l | pl. long objects project, stand up | |
| ts̕äl̕ | c̕el̕ | c'ɛl'(u-) | ts'e'l(u-) | fear fierce one, (- -t) one is fierce | |
| ts̕ip̕ | c̕ip | c'ip' | ts'ip' | pinch fine | |
| -- | c̕im | c'im | ts'im | grab handful | |
| ts̕its̕ | c̕ic̕ | c'ic' | ts'its' | pinch skin together | |
| ts̕itc | c̕ič | c'ič | ts'ich | be prickly, (u-) be rough like file | |
| ts̕iy̕ | c̕iy̕ | c'iy' | ts'i'y | be right side | |
| ts̕ikʷ-ä'ä | c̕íkʷeʔ | c'ikʷ-ɛʔ | ts'ikw-e' | be left side | |
| ts̕ixʷ | c̕ixʷ | c'ixʷ | ts'ikhw | prepare chips by peeling and tying | |
| ts̕iɬ | c̕iɬ | c'iɫ(u-) | ts'iɫ(u-) | weather is cool | |
| ts̕il̕ | c̕il̕ | c'il' | ts'i'l | be outline, shadow | |
| ts̕u'um | c̕uʔm | c'uʔum | ts'u'um | cry, weep | |
| ts̕ul̕ | c̕ul̕ | c'ul' | ts'u'l | break sad news, report death | |
| ts̕ᴐm̕ | c̕om̕ | c'ɔm' | ts'o'm | suck on solid object | |
| ts̕ᴐr | c̕or | c'ɔr | ts'or | be sour | |
| ts̕ᴇm | [no root] | c'əm | ts'm | press make tight (cp. c'am) | the root is √yac̕ ; apparently GAR mis analyzed words such as syačyác̕mšn brakeman as having the root c̕əm rather than √yac̕ |
| ts̕ụkʷin | c̕kʷin | c'əkʷin | ts'kwin | run | |
| ts̕uq̕un | c̕uq̕ʷun | c'uq'un | ts'uq'un | pronounce | sc̕əq̕ʷc̕úq̕ʷn̕ catechism instruction ; c̕əq̕ʷúnc he pronounced it |
š/sh | |||||
| cap | šap | šap | shap | tear meat from bone | |
| cacagw | šagʷ | šašagʷ(-t) | shashagw(-t) | be sharp | ššágʷt little bit sharp ; šášəgʷt sharp |
| car | šar | šar | shar | use no energy, (u-) be inefficient, (-t) be idle | |
| car | šar | šar | shar | be difficult, disobedient, annoying | |
| car | šar | šar | shar | one hangs | |
| cartc | šarč | šarč | sharch | be troublesome | |
| cäp | šep | šɛp | shep | discriminate, select, sift | |
| cäm | šem | šɛm | shem | be in between | |
| cät | šet | šɛt | shet | tease | |
| cät̕ | šet̕ | šɛt' | shet' | beat in contest, level | |
| cät̕ | šet̕ | šɛt' | shet' | one long object projects | |
| cät̕ | šet̕ | šɛt' | shet' | take care of | |
| cät̕ | šet̕ | šɛt' | shet' | surround by enemy | |
| cän | šen | šɛn | shen | labor | |
| -- | šen̕ | šɛn' | she'n | one flat object lies | |
| cäs | šes | šɛs | shes | be doubtful about, ignorant of, refuse to believe in | |
| cäts | šec | šɛc | shets | dig in ground | |
| cäts̕ | šec̕ | šɛc' | shets' | wait | |
| cäts̕ | šec̕ | šɛc'(u-) | shets'(u-) | be firm, solid, permanent | |
| cätc̕ | šeč̕ | šɛč' | shech' | wait (perhaps the last three are the same) | |
| cäl | šel | šɛl | shel | chop, split | |
| cältc | šel; šelč | šɛlč | shelch | move in a circle | k̕ʷey kʷu šell 'you're still going in circles' |
| ci'ɩ | šiʔ | šiʔ | shi' | be fastidious | |
| ci'ɩt | šiʔt | šiʔt | shi't | be first, oldest | |
| cip | šip | šip(-t) | ship(-t) | be slow, deliberate in action | |
| cip | šip | šip | ship | complete task | |
| cip | šip | šip | ship | possess without interference | |
| cim̕ | šim̕ | šim' | shi'm | benefit | |
| ciw̕ | šiw̕ | šiw' | shi'w | be girl | |
| ciɬ | šiɬ | šiɫ(u-) | shiɫ(u-) | fit, be exact, correct | |
| cɩcɩl̕ | [no root] | šəšəl'(u-) | shsh'l(u-) | be very fine | |
j | |||||
| jar̕ | ǰar̕ | ǰar' | ja'r | be firm, strong | |
| djäm | ǰem | ǰɛm | jem | pin, brace | |
| djäy̕djiy̕ | ǰey̕ | ǰɛy'ǰiy'(-t) | je'yji'y(-t) | be ugly, homely, unsightly | |
| djax̣ | ǰex̣ | ǰax̣ | jaqh | mark by scratching | |
| tcastq | častq | častq | chastq | dig camas | |
| tcăy | čay | čay(u-) | chay(u-) | one is enduring, solid form | |
| tcarq | čarq | čarq | charq | hang on with arm, deter | |
| tcäm̕ | čem̕ | čɛm' | che'm | take hold of pl. object | |
| tcän̕ | čen̕ | čɛn' | che'n | take hold of large object | |
| tcän̕šit | čen̕ | čɛn'šit | che'nshit | help | čén̕šeš 'aid; help'; čeɬ hi sčnšítm I'm going to (go) help him |
| tcän̕xʷ | čen̕xʷ | čɛn'xʷ | che'nkhw | hit person with slight touch, bump into | |
| tcäc | češ | čɛš | chesh | accompany | |
| tcägw (čigʷ) | -- | čɛgʷ | chegw | extend | only examples are unstressed |
| tcäl | čel | čɛl | chel | await eagerly, anxiously | |
| tcäl | ̕ čel̕ | čɛl' | che'l | cough up | |
| tcäɬ | čeɬ | čɛɫ | cheɫ | separate, divorce, part | |
| tci'ɩ | čiʔ | čiʔ | chi' | open, uncover, unveil | |
| tci'ɩɬäs | čiʔɬes | čiʔɫɛs | chi'ɫes | three | |
| tcip | čip | čip | chip | soften | |
| tcim̕ | čim̕ | čim' | chi'm | disdain,turn away from | |
| tcits | čic | čic | chits | arrive | |
| tcits | -- | čic | chits | find | |
| tcigw | čigʷ | čigʷ | chigw | go out onto prairie | |
| tciɬ | čiɬ | čiɫ | chiɫ | give | |
| tcil̕ | čil̕ | čil' | chi'l | nauseate | |
| tcuts | -- | čuc | chuts | be light person, behave affectedly | |
| tcɩp | čip | čəp(u-) | chp(u-) | be unexpectedly soft | (čəp is unstressed form) |
| tcɩcip | čšip | čəšip | chship | chase | |
| tcᴇtcaʀ̕ | čaʕ | čəčaʕ' | chcha(' | be slender and cylindrical | with diminutive reduplication and glottalization |
| tcɩtcip | čip | čəčip | chchip | be soft and smooth (like fur) | with diminutive reduplication |
| tcɩtcmin | ččmin | čəčmin | chchmin | throw one object | |
| tcɩɬip | čɬip | čəɫip | chɫip | hunt big game | |
| tcụpxʷ | čepxʷ | čəpxʷ | chpkhw | snap with finger | čépxʷnc 'he snapped it with his finger' |
č'/ch' | |||||
| tc̕t | č̕et | č'at(u-) | ch'at(u-) | tick, beat | |
| tc̕ax̣ʷ | c̕ax̣ | č'ax̣ʷ | ch'aqhw | shove, move to one side | Felix Aripa |
| tc̕ar | č̕ar | č'ar | ch'ar | cut flimsy object with shears | |
| tc̕ar | č̕ar | č'ar | ch'ar | animal swims | |
| tc̕ar | č̕ar | č'ar | ch'ar | band lies without exerting pressure | as 'furrow', w/ lxs |
| tcä'äc | č̕eʔš | č'aʔš | ch'a'sh | condescend | LN |
| tc̕äp̕xʷ | č̕ep̕uxʷ | č'ɛp'xʷ | ch'ep'khw | clip, click | č̕púxʷ 'click'; č̕épxʷ 'pinched' |
| tc̕äm | č̕em | č'ɛm | ch'em | be surface | |
| tc̕äm̕ | č̕em̕ | č'ɛm' | ch'e'm | be dark (as night) | |
| tc̕äw | č̕ew | č'ɛw | ch'ew | be depressing | |
| tc̕äw̕ | č̕ew̕ | č'ɛw' | ch'e'w | be large cylinder shaped | |
| tc̕äd | č̕id; č̕ed | č'ɛd | ch'ed | shade | |
| tc̕ät̕ | č̕et̕ | č'ɛt' | ch'et' | cut off completely | |
| tc̕änp̕ | č̕enp̕ | č'ɛnp' | ch'enp' | clasp, encircle | |
| tc̕än̕ | č̕en̕ | č'ɛn' | ch'e'n | one round object lies | |
| tc̕äs | č̕es | č'ɛs(-t) | ch'es(-t) | be bad | |
| tc̕äts̕ | č̕ec̕ | č'ɛc' | ch'ets' | one long object lies | |
| tc̕äts | č̕ec | č'ɛc | ch'ets | be stupid | |
| tc̕äxʷ | -- | č'ɛxʷ | ch'ekhw | peck at hard object (as woodpecker) | |
| tc̕äx̣ | č̕ex̣ | č'ɛx̣ | ch'eqh | rub against as 'move aside' | |
| tc̕äl | č̕el | č'ɛl | ch'el | be bark | |
| tc̕älxʷ | č̕elxʷ | č'ɛlxʷ(x̣ʷ) | ch'elkhw(qhw) | be concave | upside down, concave side down |
| tc̕äṛʷ | č̕eʕʷ | č'aʕʷ | ch'a(w | pray | R has e (a umlaut) |
| tc̕ip̕ | c̕ip | č'ip' | ch'ip' | pinch | c̕ip̕ or č̕ep̕uxʷ |
| tc̕im | č̕im | č'im | ch'im | grab-some | |
| tc̕id | č̕id | č'id(u-) | ch'id(u-) | be shadowy | |
| tc̕it-ä'ä | č̕iteʔ | č'it-ɛʔ | ch'it-e' | be near | |
| tc̕in̕ | č̕in | č'in' | ch'i'n | be dangerous | LN, R's texts have no glottalization on C2 |
| tc̕ixʷ | č̕ixʷ | č'ixʷ | ch'ikhw | lean | |
| tc̕ih | č̕ih | č'ih | ch'ih | approach, get near | |
| tc̕uu | č̕uw | ču | chu | be absent, gone, missing, empty | R has glottalized non-nasals |
| tc̕ɩtc̕än̕-ä'ä | č̕eneʔ | č'əčɛn'-ɛʔ | ch'che'n-e' | one is small | always diminutive, with C1 redup and nasal glottalized |
| tc̕ɩt̕ | č'ət'(u-) | č'ət'(u-) | ch't'(u-) | be brown | |
| tc̕ụp̕xʷ | č̕ep̕uxʷ | č'əp'xʷ(u-) | ch'p'khw(u-) | it went click | (see clip, click) R's form unstressed |
| tc̕ụxʷ | č'əxʷ | č'əxʷ | ch'khw | retire from pursuit (prog. dis.) | |
y | |||||
| yanuq̕ʷ | yanq̕ʷ | yanuq'ʷ | yanuq'w | snake is coiled | |
| yats̕ | yac̕/yoc̕ | yac'(u-) | yats'(u-) | be tight (as belt or rope) (prog. dis.) | |
| yaq̕ | yaq̕ | yaq' | yaq' | file, whet | |
| yar | yar | yar | yar | hooplike object rolls | |
| yar | yar | yar | yar | be torch | with =us 'fire/face' |
| yarp̕ | yarp̕ | yarp' | yarp' | loop lies | |
| yark̕ʷ | yark̕ʷ | yark'ʷ | yark'w | be curved, crooked | |
| yaʀ | yaʕ | yaʕ | ya( | lack, need, be scarce | |
| yaʀ | yaʕ; yaʕ̕ | yaʕ | ya( | assemble, be many, gather, crowd | |
| yaʀ | ?yaʕ̕eʔ | yaʕ | ya( | be shy, timid, uncertain, hesitant | |
| yä'ä | ye- | yɛʔ | ye' | procure game | prefix, not stem |
| yäp̕ | yep' | yɛp' | yep' | sway, rock | |
| yäm | yem | yɛm | yem | be silent | |
| yäm | -- | yɛm | yem | earn, score | |
| yätkʷ | yetkʷ | yɛtkʷ | yetkw | wood is rotten | |
| yänp̕ | yenp̕ | yɛnp' | yenp' | clamp screw | (vowel unverified) |
| yäl̕xʷ | yel̕xʷ | yɛl'xʷ | ye'lkhw | cover with material | |
| yim̕ | yim̕ | yim' | yi'm | trap by surrounding | |
| yit̕ | yit̕ | yit' | yit' | stir (as mush) | |
| yil̕ | yil̕ | yil' | yi'l | defense is approached | |
| yirk̕ʷ | yark̕ʷ | yirk'ʷ | yirk'w | be curved | yirk̕ʷ unexpected and unverified (no [i] before r) |
| yih | yih | yih | yih | be calm, quiet | |
| yuts̕ | yuc' | yuc' | yuts' | be beaver castoreum | |
| yɩts̕ᴐp | yəcɔp | yəcɔp | ytsop | shaking object becomes firm | |
| yᴇṛʷpiy̕igwt | yəʕʷpiy'igʷt | yəʕʷpiy'igʷt | y(wpi'yigwt | be able, capable, dependable, reasonable, willing | |
| yuqʷ | yoqʷ | yuqʷ | yuqw | pretend | one form, in attack 6.7. unexpected |
| yᴐqʷ | yoqʷ | yɔqʷ | yoqw | pretend with something (to do something) | |
y' | |||||
| y̕aʀ̕pqin̕ | y̕aʕ̕p (√yaʕ) | y'aʕ'pqin' | 'ya('pqi'n | be many, much | |
| y̕ᴐqʷ | y̕oqʷ | y'ɔqʷ | 'yoqw | tell lie | |
gʷ/gw | |||||
| gum | gʷum | gum | gum | crumble, be crummy | |
| gwaq | gʷaq | gʷaq | gwaq | be roomy | |
| gwaq̕ | gʷaq̕ | gʷaq' | gwaq' | spread apart as to part hair, remove layers | |
| gwax̣ | gʷax̣ | gʷax̣(-t) | gwaqh(-t) | be young | |
| gwalq̕ | gʷalq̕ | gʷalq' | gwalq' | uncover pit over | upside down FA 1999 |
| gwar | gʷar | gʷar | gwar | scrape | |
| gwar̕ | gʷar̕ | gʷar' | gwa'r | be silvery, clear | |
| gwäp | gʷep | gʷɛp | gwep | be hairy, grassy | |
| gwät̕tc̕ | gʷet̕č̕ | gʷɛt'č' | gwet'ch' | prong, gore | |
| gwäc | gʷeš | gʷɛš | gwesh | comb | |
| gwitct | gʷič | gʷičt | gwicht | see | |
| gwän | gʷen | gʷɛn | gwen | be below, deep, low | |
| gwäs | gʷes | gʷɛs | gwes | spin, twist thread | |
| gwäy̕ | gʷey̕ | gʷɛy' | gwe'y | finish | |
| gwäxʷ | gʷexʷ | gʷɛxʷ | gwekhw | pl. objects hang | |
| -- | gʷel | gʷɛl | gwel | burn blaze | |
| gwäl̕ | gʷel̕ | gʷɛl' | gwe'l | tilt | |
| gwiw | gʷiw̕ | gʷiw | gwiw | wear in shreds | |
| gwis | gʷis | gʷis | gwis | be high | |
| gwit̕s | gʷic̕ | gʷic' | gwits' | pick out with stick | |
| gwic | gʷiš | gʷiš | gwish | be weir | |
| gwitc̕ | gʷič̕ | gʷič' | gwich' | be kindling | |
| gwigwäp | gʷip | gʷigʷɛp | gwigwep | step back | |
| gwil | gʷil | gʷil | gwil | trust | |
| gwᴐq | gʷɔq | gʷɔq | gwoq | make way through crowd | |
| gwụnit | gʷinit | gʷənit | gwnit | call, summon | ex of stress on V1 (MS toad 16 2.2) |
| gwụnixʷ | gʷnixʷ | gʷənixʷ | gwnikhw | be true | |
| gwụɬ | gʷəɫ | gʷəɫ | gwɫ | twinkle | |
kʷ/kw | |||||
| kus | kʷus | *kus(u-, -t) | kus(u-, -t) | be frisky, skittish, shy, timid | *no Salishan transcription will include unlabialized k to represent these sounds |
| kus | kʷus | kus | kus | be curly | |
| kul | kʷuɬ | kul | kul | lend | Reichard has barred l in original as well. |
| kulsäts | kulsɛc | kulsɛc | kulsets | hire | |
| kuɬ | kʷuɬ | kuɫ | kuɫ | borrow | |
| kʷar | kʷar | kʷar | kwar | be yellow | |
| kʷäl̕ | kʷel̕ | kʷɛl' | kwe'l | be hot, sunny, warm | |
| kʷi'ɩts | kʷic | kʷiʔc | kwi'ts | early in morning, be dusk | ʔ infix inchoative |
| kʷin | kʷin | kʷin | kwin | take hold of one small object | |
| kʷin | hnkʷin | kʷin | kwin | sing (with hən-) | |
| kʷis | kʷis | kʷis(-t) | kwis(-t) | be named | |
| kʷigw | kʷigʷ | kʷigʷ(-t) | kwigw(-t) | see faintly | cuˑkʷígʷ only form; check to confirm prefix |
| kʷil | kʷil | kʷil | kwil | become red | |
| kʷụl | kʷul/kʷəl | kʷəl | kwl | be red | LaSarte 11.01 ʔuˑkʷúl; kʷəl |
k'ʷ/k'w | |||||
| k̕us | -- | k'us | k'us | be easily split | |
| k̕ustcä'ä | -- | k'usčɛʔ | k'usche' | haunt, ghost | |
| k̕ul̕ | -- | k'ul' | k'u'l | do, make fix | |
| k̕ʷax̣ | -- | k'ʷax̣ | k'waqh | be claw | |
| k̕ʷäɬ | -- | k'ʷɛɫ | k'weɫ | tickle | |
| k̕ʷäɬc | -- | k'ʷɛɫš | k'weɫsh | shy at | |
| k̕ʷaʀ | -- | k'ʷaʕ | k'wa( | slide, slip, skid | |
| k̕ʷät̕ | -- | k'ʷɛt' | k'wet' | expose, be evident, plain | |
| k̕ʷi'ɩ | -- | k'ʷiʔ | k'wi' | bite | |
| k̕ʷiy̕ | -- | k'ʷiy' | k'wi'y | easy, quietly, still | |
| k̕ʷit̕ | -- | k'ʷit' | k'wit' | take off clothes | |
| k̕ʷinc | -- | k'ʷinš | k'winsh | how many? | |
| k̕ʷin̕ | -- | k'ʷin' | k'wi'n | try choose, consider, examine | |
xʷ/khw | |||||
| xui | -- | xui | khui | go | |
| xuˑˑp | -- | xup(u-) | khup(u-) | increase magically | |
| xuup | -- | xup(u-) | khup(u-) | show off | |
| xups | -- | xups | khups | slap with tail | |
| xum̕ | -- | xum' | khu'm | be homesick for, be lonely | |
| xus | -- | xus | khus | arouse | |
| xul | -- | xul | khul | bore hole | |
| xuɬ | -- | xuɫ | khuɫ | proceed to | |
| xʷam | -- | xʷam | khwam | be roan color | |
| xʷar | -- | xʷar | khwar | tremble, quiver | |
| xʷar | -- | xʷar | khwar | a very long time | |
| xʷäp | -- | xʷɛp | khwep | spread, flatten out blanket | |
| xʷäd | -- | xʷɛd | khwed | itch | |
| xʷät | -- | xʷɛt | khwet | be exhausted, come to end | |
| xʷät̕ | -- | xʷɛt' | khwet' | move hurriedly | |
| xʷät̕k̕ʷ | -- | xʷɛt'k'ʷ | khwet'k'w | rise suddenly (like hair or wire) | |
| xʷäts | -- | xʷɛc | khwets | suffer | |
| xụxʷäy̕ä'ä | -- | xʷəxʷɛy'ɛʔ | khwkhwe'ye' | be narrow | |
| xʷäk̕ʷ | -- | xʷɛk'ʷ | khwek'w | clean, sweep | |
| xʷäl | -- | xʷɛl | khwel | clean material like moss, cotton | |
| xʷäl | -- | xʷɛl | khwel | be alive, live | |
| xʷäl̕ | -- | xʷɛl' | khwe'l | set to spinning (as a top) | |
| xʷäṛ-ɩc | -- | xʷɛʕ-əš | khwe(-sh | step over a person ceremonially | |
| xʷi'ɩ | -- | xʷiʔ | khwi' | here at this moment | |
| xʷi'ɩt | -- | xʷiʔt | khwi't | attack, abuse with words or act | |
| xʷit | -- | xʷit | khwit | entertain, amuse | |
| xʷi'ɩn | -- | xʷiʔn | khwi'n | go along here | |
| xʷis | -- | xʷis(-t) | khwis(-t) | one travels, goes about | |
| xụxʷits | -- | xʷəxʷic | khwkhwits | be short | |
| xʷits̕ | -- | xʷic' | khwits' | point toward | |
| xʷits̕ | -- | xʷic' | khwits' | be helper to | |
| xwik̕ʷ | -- | xʷik'ʷ(-t) | khwik'w(-t) | be frosty | |
q | |||||
| qaqs | -- | qaqs | qaqs | serenade, sing war song | |
| qax̣ | -- | qax̣ | qaqh | make x̣ sound | |
| qäp | -- | qɛp | qep | pad | |
| qäm | -- | qɛm | qem | be home | |
| qäm | -- | qɛm | qem | be unconcerned, pay no attention | |
| qäm | -- | qɛm | qem | have cramp | |
| qäs | -- | qɛs | qɛs | scratch with nails | |
| qäts | -- | qɛc | qets | shrink in quantity | |
| qäq | -- | qɛq | qeq | cackle | |
| qäl | -- | qɛl(u-) | qel(u-) | be fresh | |
| qäɬ | -- | qɛɫ | qeɫ | be awake | |
| qäɬ | -- | qɛɫ | qeɫ | overcome great resistance, lift, succeed at what seems impossible | |
| qi'ɩxʷ | -- | qiʔxʷ | qi'khw | smell, have odor | |
| qigw | -- | qigʷ | qigw | dig roots | |
| qixʷ | -- | qixʷ | qikhw | forbid, prevent from | |
| qilttc | -- | qiltč | qiltch | be inland | |
| qiɬ | -- | qiɫ(-t) | qiɫ(-t) | wake up | |
| qum̕ | -- | qum' | qu'm | be dim, gray | |
| quɬ | -- | quɫ(u-) | quɫ(u-) | be dusty | |
| qᴐqʷ | -- | qɔqʷ | qoqw | be mouldy | |
q' | |||||
| q̕aq̕am̕̕iy̕ä'ä | -- | q'aq'am'iy''ɛʔ | q'aq'a'mi'y'e' | fish | |
| q̕ants-ic | -- | q'anc-iš | q'ants-ish | struggle for one's life (as in fire) | |
| q̕äpqʷ | -- | q'ɛpqʷ | q'epqw | trap in crotch | |
| q̕äm | -- | q'ɛm | q'em | desire, covet, long for | |
| q̕äm | -- | q'ɛm | q'em | swallow | |
| q̕äw | -- | q'ɛw | q'ew | break stiff object | |
| q̕ädäm | -- | q'ɛdɛm | q'edem | refuse, be balky | |
| q̕ät̕p | -- | q'ɛt'p | q'et'p | go up incline | |
| q̕äsp | -- | q'ɛsp | q'esp | be long time, long ago | |
| q̕äts̕ | -- | q'ɛc' | q'ets' | braid, intertwine, weave, knit | |
| q̕äy̕ | -- | q'ɛy' | q'e'y | be variegated, spotted | |
| q̕äy̕ | -- | q'ɛy' | q'e'y | make pattern, write, design, take picture | |
| q̕äxʷ | -- | q'ɛxʷ | q'ekhw | be proud | |
| q̕äx̣ | -- | q'ɛx̣ | q'eqh | be frugal, grudging | |
| q̕äxʷ | -- | q'ɛxʷ | q'ekhw | be lustful, have desire | |
| q̕äl | -- | q'ɛl | q'el | swing | |
| q̕äl̕xʷ | -- | q'ɛl'xʷ | q'e'lkhw | hook over, into | |
| q̕i'ɩ | -- | q'iʔ | q'i' | stick to, wedge into | |
| q̕i'ɩts̕ | -- | q'iʔc' | q'i'ts' | vegetation grows | |
| q̕iw | -- | q'iw | q'iw | witch | |
| q̕iy̕ | -- | q'iy' | q'i'y | cleft | |
| q̕ɩq̕ixʷä'ä | -- | q'əq'ixʷɛʔ | q'q'ikhwe' | few | |
| q̕up̕ | -- | q'up'(-t) | q'up'(-t) | rain | |
| q̕ut̕ | -- | q'ut' | q'ut' | be woven, knitted | |
| q̕uts | -- | q'uc | q'uts | be fat | |
| q̕ul̕ | -- | q'ul' | q'u'l | produce | |
x̣/qh | |||||
| x̣a'am | -- | x̣aʔm | qha'm | monster | |
| x̣ax̣an̕ut | -- | x̣ax̣an'ut | qhaqha'nut | nine | |
| x̣ats | -- | x̣ac | qhats | bet | |
| x̣ats̕ | -- | x̣ac'(u-) | qhats'(u-) | be queer | |
| x̣ay̕ɩc | -- | x̣ay'əš | qha'ysh | avenge | |
| x̣ay̕x̣iy̕ | -- | x̣ay'xiy' | qha'ykhi'y | one is large | |
| x̣aq̕ | -- | x̣aq' | qhaq' | pay, reward | |
| x̣al | -- | x̣al | qhal | redhot | |
| x̣aɬ | -- | x̣aɫ | qhaɫ | scare | |
| x̣al | -- | x̣al | qhal | spy | |
| x̣aʀ | -- | x̣aʕ | qha( | fan | |
| x̣äp | -- | x̣ɛp | qhep | pile flat objects | |
| x̣äp̕ | -- | x̣ɛp' | qhep' | button, fasten together, sew | |
| x̣äm | -- | x̣ɛm | qhem | bite | |
| x̣äm | -- | x̣ɛm | qhem | be heavy | |
| x̣ämäntsᴐtᴇn | -- | x̣ɛmɛncɔtən | qhementsotn | leave one's own people, go to live with in-laws (prog. dis.) | |
| x̣ämintc | -- | ̣ɛminč | qheminch | like, love | |
| x̣ämts | -- | x̣ɛmc | qhemts | shave hair | |
| x̣ät | -- | x̣ɛt | qhet | punish | |
| x̣ät | -- | x̣ɛt | qhet | club | |
| x̣ät̕ | -- | x̣ɛt' | qhet' | gnaw, eat close, graze | |
| x̣äs | -- | x̣ɛs | qhes | be well, be good | |
| x̣äts | -- | x̣ɛc | qhets | be ready, clothed, get ready | |
| x̣ätsut | -- | x̣ɛcut | qhetsut | be companion to | |
| x̣äts̕ | -- | x̣ɛc'(u-) | qhets'(u-) | arouse curiosity | |
| x̣äy | -- | x̣ɛy | qhey | be left over | |
| x̣äl | -- | x̣ɛl | qhel | lay evenly (as lumber) | |
| x̣äl | -- | x̣ɛl | qhel | be clear, bright, light | |
| x̣äʀigw | -- | x̣ɛʕigʷ(-t) | qhe(igw(-t) | be full of holes so air can pass through | |
| x̣ip | -- | x̣ip | qhip | gnaw to destroy (as beaver, mouse, squirrel) | |
| x̣iw | -- | x̣iw | qhiw | be shy, timid, ashamed, embarrassed | |
| x̣iw̕ | -- | x̣iw' | qhi'w | be raw (uncooked) | |
| x̣it | -- | x̣it | qhit | be corrugated marked | |
| x̣its | -- | x̣ic | qhits | threaten with hand | |
| x̣iy | -- | x̣iy | qhiy | gray (as horse) | |
| x̣il | -- | x̣il | qhil | lick from (as salt from ground) | |
| x̣iɬ | -- | x̣iɫ | qhiɫ | fear | |
| x̣iɬ | -- | x̣iɫ | qhiɫ | leave, desert | |
| x̣us | -- | x̣us | qhus | foam (like beer) | |
| x̣ᴐlq̕ʷ | -- | x̣ɔlq'ʷ | qholq'w | wind string evenly | |
qʷ/qw | |||||
| qʷa'aqʷä'äl | -- | qʷaʔqʷɛʔl | qwa'qwe'l | speak, talk | |
| qʷam | -- | qʷam | qwam | be pleasant, comfortable, fascinating, pleasing | |
| qʷay | -- | qʷay | qway | joke, talk backward | |
| qʷä'ä | -- | qʷɛʔ | qwe' | continue with | |
| qʷäm̕ | -- | qʷɛm' | qwe'm | ignore, be oblivious to | |
| qʷäs | -- | qʷɛs(u-) | qwes(u-) | blur, be foolish | |
| qʷäy̕ | -- | qʷɛy' | qwe'y | be poor, pitiable, pity | |
| qʷäl̕ | -- | qʷɛl' | qʷɛl' | be livid, bluish, angry | |
| qʷäṛʷ | -- | qʷɛʕʷ(u-) | qwe(w(u-) | be insane, drunk, foolish, irresponsible | |
| qʷäl̕ | -- | qʷɛl' | qwe'l | enkindle, light | |
| qʷi'ɩ | -- | qʷiʔ | qwi' | be hollow | |
| qʷi'ɩ | -- | qʷiʔ | qwi' | be accustomed to | |
| qʷin | -- | qʷin | qwin | be blue | |
| qʷits | -- | qʷic | qwits | be warm | |
| qʷiy | -- | qʷiy(u-) | qwiy(u-) | have plenty | |
| qʷiy̕ | -- | qʷiy'(-t) | qwi'y(-t) | have pity for | |
| qʷil | -- | qʷil | qwil | cheat | |
| qʷil̕ | -- | qʷil' | qwi'l | kindle, light, make fire | |
| qʷil̕ | -- | qʷil' | qwi'l | starve | |
| qʷuˑn | -- | qʷun(u-) | qwun(u-) | be blue, green | |
q'ʷ/q'w | |||||
| -- | -- | q'us | q'us | be gathered, wrinkled | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷal(-t) | q'wal(-t) | be black from burning | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛd | q'wed | be black | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛn'p' | q'we'np' | go out of sight, disappear | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛs | q'wes | be wrinkled, shriveled | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛc | q'wets | pl. are enduring, solid, firm | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛy' | q'we'y | bounce, dance | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛy' | q'we'y | wring, choke | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛl | q'wel | cook, burn | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷɛɫ | q'weɫ | have endurance, be long-winded | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷid | q'wid | make black, blacken | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷiʔɫ | q'wi'ɫ | move camp, village travels | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷic'(-t) | q'wits'(-t) | be full | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷiɫ | q'wiɫ | be enduring, persevering (in general sense) | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷih | q'wih | be black (in describing person) | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷəd(u-) | q'wd(u-) | be black (of horses) | |
| -- | -- | q'ʷəliw | q'wliw | bear picks berries | |
x̣ʷ/qhw | |||||
| x̣up | -- | x̣up | qhup | be inefficient, careless | |
| x̣ʷad | -- | x̣ʷad | qhwad | be comical, be amused, laugh | |
| x̣ʷat | -- | x̣ʷat | qhwat | cut in two | |
| x̣ʷaq̕ʷ | -- | x̣ʷaq'ʷ | qhwaq'w | divide, separate | |
| x̣ʷaɬ | -- | x̣ʷaɫ | qhwaɫ | dart | |
| x̣ʷän | -- | x̣ʷɛn(u-) | qhwen(u-) | hurry to get at | |
| x̣ʷäts | -- | x̣ʷɛc | qhwets | pass by | |
| x̣ʷäq̕ʷ | -- | x̣ʷɛq'ʷ | qhweq'w | grind meal | |
| x̣ʷits | -- | x̣ʷic | qhwits | crop hair | |
| x̣ʷiɬ | -- | x̣ʷiɫ | qhwiɫ | hurry at something | |
l | |||||
| la'ax̣ʷ | -- | laʔax̣̣ʷ | la'aqhw | be daytime, morning, tomorrow | |
| laq | -- | laq | laq | pull out plants | |
| laq̕ | -- | laq' | laq' | pare, peel | |
| laqʷ | -- | laqʷ | laqw | store hanging (as tallow in paunch) | |
| laq̕ʷ | -- | laq'ʷ | laq'w | be able | |
| lax̣ʷ | -- | lax̣ʷ | laqhw | pl. round objects lie | |
| läp̕x̣ʷ | -- | lɛp'x̣ʷ | lep'qhw | fit into (as ball and socket) | |
| lädj | -- | lɛǰ(-p) | lej(-p) | stab | |
| -- | -- | lɛǰ | lej | sting | |
| lätc̕ | -- | lɛč' | lech' | bind | |
| lätc̕ | -- | lɛč' | lech' | pl. are fierce | |
| läkʷ | -- | lɛkʷ | lekw | be far | |
| läxʷ | -- | lɛxʷ(-p) | lekhw(-p) | hurt | |
| läxʷ | -- | lɛxʷ | lekhw | perforate, be hole | |
| laq̕ | -- | laq' | laq' | search for | |
| lax̣ | -- | lax̣ | laqh | lighten, be electric | |
| lax̣ | -- | lax̣(-t) | laqh(-t) | be friend | |
| läq̕ | -- | lɛq' | leq' | bury | |
| läṛʷ | -- | lɛʕʷ | le(w | draw on, make fit | |
| lic | -- | liš | lish | be hilly, mountain | |
| li'ɩlä'ä | -- | liʔlɛʔ(-t) | li'le'(-t) | pl. fly | |
| limt | -- | lim(-t) | lim(-t) | be glad, thankful, pleased | |
| ligw | -- | ligʷ(-t) | ligw(-t) | snare, catch in trap | |
| lup | -- | lup | lup | be dry, thirsty | |
| lut | -- | lut | lut | be mischievous, not, negative | |
| luk̕ʷ | -- | luk'ʷ | nluk'w | pull, pick off strings, fuzz | |
ɫ | |||||
| ɬats | -- | ɫac | ɫats | one drop falls | |
| ɬapx̣ | -- | ɫapx̣ | ɫapqh | be slightly skinned | |
| ɬay | -- | ɫay | ɫay | make dirty marks, scribble | |
| ɬaxʷ | -- | ɫaxʷ | ɫakhw | wear, draw on | |
| ɬaq | -- | ɫaq | ɫaq | be serviceberry, do with serviceberry | |
| ɬaq | -- | ɫaq | ɫaq | mend, patch | |
| ɬaqi'ɩ | -- | ɫaqiʔ | ɫaqi' | pl. lower, fall, dismount | |
| ɬaq̕ | -- | ɫaq' | ɫaq' | be wide | |
| ɬaq̕ | -- | ɫaq' | ɫaq' | person lies on stomach, crouch | |
| ɬaqʷ | -- | ɫaqʷ | ɫaqw | band used with pressure, belt | |
| ɬaqʷ | -- | ɫaqʷ | ɫaqw | store hanging, hang on line | |
| ɬaq̕ʷ | -- | ɫaq'ʷ | ɫaq'w | skin, pull off | |
| ɬax̣ʷ | -- | ɫax̣ʷ | ɫaqhw | move with weight and speed | |
| ɬax̣ʷp | -- | ɫax̣ʷp | ɫaqhwp | escape | |
| ɬax̣ʷp̕ | -- | ɫax̣ʷp' | ɫaqhwp' | rush | |
| ɬax̣ʷq̕ | -- | ɫax̣ʷq' | ɫaqhwq' | foot slips | |
| ɬaṛʷ | -- | ɫaʕʷ(u-) | ɫa(w(u-) | be slippery (as ice) | |
| ɬä'än | -- | ɫɛʔɛn | ɫe'en | be on opposite side | |
| ɬäp | -- | ɫɛp | ɫep | be difficult but possible of achievement, be disgusting | |
| ɬäp̕ | -- | ɫɛp'(u-) | ɫep'(u-) | be undaunted | |
| -- | -- | ɫɛp' | ɫep' | stripe, mark, make welt | |
| ɬäm̕ | -- | ɫɛm' | ɫe'm | apologize | |
| ɬätq̕ | -- | ɫɛtq' | ɫetq' | splash, drops hit surface | |
| ɬät̕ | -- | ɫɛt' | ɫet' | one jumps | |
| ɬäts | -- | ɫɛc | ɫets | flat objects lie | |
| ɬätc̕ | -- | ɫɛč' | ɫech' | string breaks | |
| ɬäk̕ʷ | -- | ɫɛk'ʷ | ɫek'w | pierce with fine-pointed object, fork, barb, spike | |
| ɬäxʷ | -- | ɫɛxʷ | ɫekhw | draw together, slip on | |
| ɬäxʷ | -- | ɫɛxʷ | ɫekhw | sew | |
| ɬäq̕ | -- | ɫɛq' | ɫeq' | make impound, round up animals | |
| ɬäl | -- | ɫɛl | ɫel | sprinkle | |
| ɬäṛʷ | -- | ɫɛʕ | ɫe( | skate, slide on ice | |
| ɬi'ɩ | -- | ɫiʔ | ɫi' | be close to edge, be border | |
| ɬip̕ | -- | ɫip' | ɫip' | make striped (?) | |
| ɬit̕ | -- | ɫit' | ɫit' | sprinkle ceremonially | |
| ɬit̕ | -- | ɫit' | ɫit' | pl. jump off of, out of | |
| ɬitk̕ʷ | -- | ɫitk'ʷ | ɫitk'w | pl. objects jerk into different position | |
| ɬis | -- | ɫis | ɫis | measure, weigh | |
| ɬɩɬiy̕ | -- | ɫəɫiy' | ɫɫi'y | spotted | |
| ɬɩɬikʷ | -- | ɫəɫikʷ(u-) | ɫɫikw(u-) | be speckled, small-spotted | |
| ɬik̕ʷ | -- | ɫik'ʷ | ɫik'w | hairlike object breaks | |
| ɬil | -- | ɫil | ɫil | sprinkle | |
| ɬu'u | -- | ɫuʔ | ɫu' | be there near third person | |
| ɬu'un | -- | ɫuʔum | ɫu'um | be in opposite direction | |
| ɬuts̕ | -- | ɫuc' | ɫuts' | pl. sticklike objects break | |
| ɬukʷ | -- | ɫukʷ(u-) | ɫukw(u-) | be stained with blood | |
| ɬuk̕ʷ | -- | ɫuk'ʷ | ɫuk'w | recall, remember | |
| -- | -- | ɫɔmɛn' | ɫome'n | scold | |
| ɬᴐmän̕ | -- | -- | -- | no gloss | |
| ɬᴐq | -- | -- | -- | no gloss | |
| -- | -- | ɫɔq' | ɫoq' | be bald, bare | |
l' (derivative) | |||||
| l̕ɩl̕itc | -- | l'əl'ič | 'l'lich | be thin slice | |
| l̕ᴇl̕ax̣ | -- | l'əl'ax̣ | 'l'laqh | lighten | |
ʕ/( | |||||
| ʀaw | -- | ʕaw | (aw | drop | |
| ʀax̣ | -- | ʕax̣ | (aqh | wrap string evenly | |
| ʀäm | -- | ʕɛm(-t) | (em(-t) | melt, dissolve, waste away | |
| ʀäts | -- | ʕɛc | (ets | tie | |
| ʀäts̕ | -- | ʕɛc' | (ets' | play out, wear out, become exhausted | |
| ʀäts̕xʷ | -- | ʕɛc'xʷ | (ets'khw | be worn out, tired | |
| ʀäts̕xʷ | -- | ʕɛc'xʷ | (ets'khw | be hungry for meat, surfeited with vegetable food | |
| ʀäy | -- | ʕɛy | (ey | be embittered | |
| ʀäy̕ | -- | ʕɛy' | (e'y | be angry | |
| ʀäl̕ | -- | ʕɛl' | (e'l | obstruct, cover | |
| ʀipɩlc | -- | ʕipəlš | (iplsh | person hides | |
| ʀid | -- | ʕid | (id | glow, become redhot | |
| ʀits̕ | -- | ʕic' | (its' | be persistent, tenacious, strive | |
| ʀigw | -- | ʕigʷ | (igw | throw pl. objects | |
| ʀus | -- | ʕus(-t) | (us(-t) | be lost | |
| ʀuy | -- | ʕuy | (uy | coax, urge | |
| ʀuy | -- | ʕuy | (uy | waste, be extravagant | |
| ʀuy-tct | -- | ʕuy-čt | (uy-cht | mistreat old or helpless | |
ʕʷ/(w | |||||
| ṛʷax̣ʷ | -- | ʕʷax̣ʷ | (waqhw | stringlike object extends | |
| ṛʷä'ä | -- | ʕʷaʔ | (wa' | reach into | |
| ṛʷäm̕ | -- | ʕʷɛm'(-t) | (we'm(-t) | be enjoyable, wholesome | |
| ṛʷäl | -- | ʕʷɛl | (wel | dunk, dip to soak | |
| ṛʷäl-ä'äl | -- | ʕʷɛl-ɛʔl | (wel-e'l | come to a lake | |
| ṛʷäɬ | -- | ʕʷɛɫ(u-) | (weɫ(u-) | be of one piece | |
| ṛʷi'-ɩlc | -- | ʕʷi'-əlš | (wi'-lsh | vomit | |
| ṛʷim | -- | ʕʷim | (wim | enjoy, relish | |
| ṛʷimic | -- | ʕʷimiš | (wimish | hurry on while moving | |
| ṛʷit̕.s | -- | ʕʷits | (wits | smile, smirk | |
h | |||||
| ha | -- | ha | ha | laugh loudly, haw-haw | |
| haq | -- | haq | haq | be space | |
| har | -- | har | har | snore | |
| hä'in̕ | -- | hɛʔin' | he'i'n | eight | |
| häp | -- | hɛp | hep | gobble | |
| hän | -- | hɛn | hen | be grayish in color | |
| häṛʷ | -- | hɛʕʷ | he(w | growl like bear | |
| hitcä'ä | -- | hičɛʔ | hiche' | where? | |
| hᴐi | -- | hɔi | hoi | cease | |
| hṛʷh | -- | hʕʷh | h(wh | frighten | |
| Adverbs, Interjections, Conjunctions | |||||
a | |||||
| aˑˑˑ | -- | a··· | a··· | with rising tone, oh! | |
| aˑˑˑ | -- | a··· | a··· | with even tone, disapproval | |
| ax̣iw̕ɬ | -- | ax̣iw'ɫ | aqhi'wɫ | now, today | |
| uts̕-ax̣íɬ | -- | uc'-ax̣íɫ | uts'-aqhiɫ | because | |
| äy̕níɬ | -- | -- | -- | no gloss | |
| pintc or pinttc | -- | pinč or pintč | pinch | always | |
| p̕unal̕ | -- | p'unal' | p'una'l | at least | |
| mäl̕ | -- | mɛl' | me'l | on near, touching, in addition to | |
| miyäɬ | -- | miyɛɫ | miyeɫ | too, very | |
| wax̣ᴇm | -- | wax̣əm' | waqh'm | I told you so | |
| wihu'u | -- | wihuʔ | wihu' | short distance | |
| w̕ämnús | -- | w'ɛmnús | 'wemnus | in vain, useless | |
| w̕im̕ | -- | w'im' | 'wi'm | very near, almost | |
| dä'äɬ | -- | dɛʔɛɫ | de'eɫ | exceptionally, surprisingly | |
| tᴇmíc | -- | tɛmíš | temish | just, only | |
| twä | -- | twɛ | twe | with | |
| tqilttc | -- | tqiltč | tqiltch | inland (hence east) | |
| nääm̕n̕us | -- | nɛm'n'us | ne'm'nus | I don't know | |
| tsa'ax̣alp̕út | -- | caʔx̣alp'út | tsa'qhalp'ut | what's the use! (a very mean word) | |
| tsmi'ɩ | -- | cmiʔ | tsmi' | it was to be but is not | |
| an-caricíɬ | -- | an-šarišíɫ | an-sharishiɫ | upstream | |
| ci'ɩmic | -- | šiʔmiš | shi'mish | anywhere, at random | |
| tcᴇn̕ | -- | čən' | ch'n | interrogative | |
| tc̕am̕ | -- | č'am' | ch'a'm | just | |
| yäm-p | -- | yɛm-p | yem-p | forever | |
| kum̕ | -- | kum' | ku'm | and | |
| kukúkʷ | -- | kukúkʷ | kukukw | in the other room | |
| kʷɩm̕ɬ | -- | kʷəm'ɫ | kw'mɫ | immediately | |
| k̕ʷnä'ä | -- | k'ʷnɛʔ | k'wne' | future | |
| k̕uk̕ʷníy̕ä'ä | -- | k'uk'ʷn'íy'ɛʔ | k'uk'w'ni'ye' | in a short while | |
| k̕uk̕ʷi'ɩɬ | -- | k'uk'ʷiʔɫ | k'uk'wi'ɫ | in a short time | |
| xʷa'aɬ | -- | xʷaʔaɫ | khwa'aɫ | almost | |
| xʷɩstc̕i | -- | xʷəč'i | khwch'i | interjection of admiration "how nice it is!" | |
| x̣umút | -- | x̣umút | qhumut | of course, I suppose | |
| x̣ämä'ätc | -- | x̣ɛ́mɛʔč | qheme'ch | just you dare! | |
| x̣äl | -- | x̣ɛl | qhel | also, likewise | |
| x̣älä'ä | -- | x̣ɛlɛʔ | qhele' | might, used in sense of expecting something unfavorable | |
| x̣iɬ | -- | x̣iɫ | qhiɫ | might, used in sense of possibility of any kind | |
| ɬ | -- | ɫ | ɫ | connective | |
| ɬuw̕ä | -- | ɫuw'ɛ | ɫu'we | that near third person or remote | |
| ɬᴐqʷ | -- | ɫɔqʷ | ɫoqw | and also | |
| hɩɬ | -- | həɫ | hɫ | general connective | |
| Nouns | |||||
a | |||||
| *aapᴐˊtar | -- | apótar | apotar | apostle | |
| *apls | -- | apls | apls | apple | |
| *anc | -- | anš | ansh | angel | |
| asqʷ | -- | asqʷ | asqw | son | |
| atcatcn-áɬqʷ | -- | ačačn-áɫqʷ | achachn-aɫqw | juniper | |
| ay̕x̣ | -- | ay'x̣ | a'yqh | crayfish | |
| y̕-alstq | -- | y'-alstq | 'y-alstq | summer | |
| aɬdáräntc | -- | aɫdárɛnč | aɫdarench | month, sun | |
| aɬq̕íts̕äntc | -- | aɫq'íc'ɛnč | aɫq'its'ench | snake | |
| aɬq̕ʷäˊt̕ut | -- | aɫq'ʷɛ́t'ut | aɫq'wet'ut | Plummer (place name) | |
ɛ/e | |||||
| *äijíp | -- | ɛiji'p | eiji'p | Egypt | |
| ätx̣ʷä'ä | -- | ɛtx̣ʷɛʔ | etqhwe' | camas | |
| atcs-ät̕qᴇt | -- | -- | -- | no gloss | |
| ästcítcä'ä | -- | ačs-ɛt'qət | achs-et'qt | day time | |
| -- | ɛsčíčɛʔ | ɛsčíčɛʔ | eschiche' | horse, pet, domestic animal | |
| äɬṛʷäts̕ | -- | ɛɫʕʷɛc' | eɫ(wets' | magpie | |
i | |||||
| i'i | -- | iʔi | i'i | turtledove | |
| ík̕ʷul | -- | i'k'ʷul | i'k'wul | fish roe | |
| ä'íxʷä'ä | -- | ɛʔíxʷɛʔ | e'ikhwe' | mother's sister (dim.) | |
| iltc | -- | ilč | ilch | kinnikinnick berry | |
u, ɔ/o | |||||
| tcs-ups | -- | čs-ups | chs-ups | tail | |
| usä'ä | -- | usɛʔ | use' | egg | |
| tc̕iɩy̕-úkʷä'ä | -- | č'iy'-úkʷɛʔ | ch'i'y-ukwe' | w.s. younger brother | |
| *buˑlɩˑ | -- | bu·lə· | bu·l· | bull | |
| *s-paayᴐˊlụmc | -- | s-payóləmš | s-payolmsh | Spanish | |
| s-pápx̣-ɬtsä'ä | -- | s-pápx̣-ɫc'ɛʔ | s-papqh-ɫts'e' | ermine | |
| *patáq | -- | patáq | pataq | potato | |
| päˊwpu'ɩc | -- | pɛ́wpuʔəš | pewpu'sh | tin oil can | |
| s-päˊtäp | -- | s-pɛ́tɛp | s-petep | small gopher | |
| pätstcɩlä | -- | pɛcčəlɛ | petschle | leaf, cabbage | |
| päkut | -- | pɛkut | pekut | skin, hide | |
| päxpụxʷ | -- | pɛxpəxʷ | pekhpkhw | pekhpkhw | |
| pípä'ä | -- | pípɛʔ | pipe' | father | |
| *piwyä | -- | piwyɛ | piwye | camas of Nez Perce country | |
| s-pinttc | -- | s-pintč | s-pintch | year | |
| pítsä'ä | -- | pícɛʔ | pitse' | root digger | |
| s-pítcs-mᴇn | -- | s-píčs-mən | s-pichs-mn | pestle | |
| s-píläm | -- | s-pílɛm | s-pilem | level land | |
| its-pu'u | -- | ic-puʔs | its-pu's | desire, heart | |
| s-pum | -- | s-pum | s-pum | fur, feathers (on animal) | |
| s-puɬt | -- | s-puɫt | s-puɫt | feathers (loose) | |
| pul̕yä | -- | pul'yɛ | pu'lye | gopher | |
| pulyaahal̕ | -- | pulyahal' | pulyaha'l | mole | |
| s-pᴐtst | -- | s-pɔtc | s-potts | scab, sore, excrement | |
| pᴐˊl-pᴐlq-ᴇn | -- | pól-pɔlq-ən | pol-polq-n | thimbleberry | |
| s-pɩt̕áswäl | -- | s-pət'áswɛl | s-pt'aswel | trout | |
| s-pᴇtw̕ínuxʷ | -- | s-pətw'ínuxʷ | s-pt'winukhw | head of a nest, brood, house-hold | |
| s-pᴇsáiyä | -- | s-pəsáiyɛ | s-psaiye | folly, error | |
| *pus | -- | pus | pus | cat | |
| púsä'ä | -- | púsɛʔ | puse' | father's brother | |
p' | |||||
| s-p̕an̕x̣ | -- | s-p'an'x̣ | s-p'a'nqh | woven bag | |
| s-p̕árk̕ʷ-alqs | -- | s-p'árk' w-alqs | s-p'ark' | turtle, pulley | |
| p̕ästa | -- | p'ɛsta | p'esta | snipe | |
| p̕ästä'ä | -- | p'ɛstɛʔ | p'este' | nighthawk | |
| p̕ätc̕ᴇn̕ | -- | p'ɛč'ən' | p'ech''n | lynx | |
| p̕äˊkʷlä'ä | -- | p'ɛ́kʷleʔ | p'ekwle' | ball | |
| s-p̕äˊxʷ-äntc | -- | s-p'ɛ́xʷ-ɛnč | s-p'ekhw-ench | hog fennel root | |
| s-p̕ít̕äm | -- | s-p'ít'ɛm | s-p'it'em | bitterroot | |
| s-p̕í-ɬts̕ä'ä | -- | s-p'í-ɫc'ɛʔ | s-p'i-ɫts'e' | elk | |
m | |||||
| matus | -- | matus | matus | camas (piwyɛ) mush | |
| masmᴇs | -- | masmɛs | masmes | a plant which smells awful when boiling | |
| máts̕-uɬt | -- | mác'-uɫt | mats'-uɫt | pus | |
| mats̕p | -- | mac'p | mats'p | bee, wasp | |
| s-max̣í'ɩtcn̕ | -- | s-max̣íʔčn' | s-maqhi'ch'n | grizzly bear | |
| malqänúps | -- | malqɛnúps | malqenups | golden eagle | |
| s-málq-ᴇn | -- | s-málq-ən | s-malq-n | cooked black moss | |
| mimc or minc | -- | mimš or minš | mimsh | box | |
| mít̕t̕c̕ädä'ä | -- | mit'č'ɛdɛʔ | mit'ch'ede' | blood | |
| minátcalqs | -- | mináčalqs | minachalqs | buzzard | |
| s-míy̕äm | -- | s-míy'ɛm | s-mi'yem | woman, wife | |
| mul | -- | mul | mul | butter | |
| hɩn-múlcäntc | -- | hən-múlšenč | hn-mulshench | beaver | |
| s-mul̕-mᴇn | -- | s-mul'-mən | s-mu'l-mn | war spear | |
| *muh | -- | muh | muh | cow | |
| mᴐˊt̕us | -- | mót'us | mot'us | kidney | |
| ä-sɩn-mɩsmɩs-íw̕äs | -- | ɛ-sən-məsməs-íw'ɛs | e-sn-msms-i'wes | yew-wood, heart of yew, bow-wood | |
| s-mɩyíw | -- | s-məyíw | s-myiw | coyote | |
| s-mɩɬítc | -- | s-məɫíč | s-mɫich | salmon | |
| s-m̕äˊäm̕ín̕äp | -- | s-m'ɛʔm'ín'ɛp | s-'me'mi'nep | toad | |
| m̕äl̕ä | -- | m'ɛl'ɛ | 'me'le | bait | |
| s-m̕-m̕útscᴇn | -- | s-m'-m'úcšən' | s-'m-'mutssh'n | female animal, mare | |
| s-wa'ítn̕ | -- | s-waʔítn' | s-wa'it'n | spring of water | |
| wáx̣-iɬp | -- | wáx̣-iɫp | waqh-iɫp | dogwood | |
w, w' | |||||
| wartc | -- | warč | warch | frog | |
| wä'äwi'ítc | -- | wɛʔwiʔíč | we'wi'ich | whippoorwill | |
| wäsx̣ax̣ | -- | wɛsx̣ax̣ | wesqhaqh | robin | |
| wähíma' | -- | wɛhíma' | wehima' | Nez Perce people and country | |
| s-wiwaláqᴇn | -- | s-wiwaláqən | s-wiwalaqn | Whispering-in-branches (place-name) | |
| wicú'us | -- | wišúʔus | wishu'us | black-tailed deer | |
| wᴐptú | -- | wɔptú | woptu | potatoes that grow in Yakima and Nez Perce country | |
| wụlwụlím | -- | wəlwəlím | wlwlim | money, valuables | |
| s-w̕a'a | -- | s-w'aʔ | s-'wa' | cougar | |
| w̕ụl̕w̕ụl̕ím̕ | -- | w'əlw'əl'ím | 'w'lw'lim | iron, knife | |
d | |||||
| däˊctcägwä | -- | dɛ́ščɛgʷɛ | deshchegwe | husband's brother, sister's husband | |
| däɬ-äɬp | -- | dɛɫ-ɛɫp | deɫ-eɫp | poplar | |
| dᴇ-däl̕dᴇl̕ | -- | də-dɛ́l'dəl' | d-de'ld'l | bush (dim.) | |
| däˊl̕-äɬp | -- | dɛ́l'-əɫp | de'l-ɫp | willow tree | |
| tc-däl̕-díl̕p | -- | č-dɛl'-díl'p | ch-de'l-di'lp | bat, chickenhawk | |
| s-dílu' | -- | s-dílu | s-dilu | switch | |
| dupᴇn | -- | dupən | dupn | lasso | |
| dúmtsᴇn | -- | dúmcən | dumtsn | relative-friend | |
| dúɬduɬp | -- | dúɫduɫp | duɫduɫp | trees of the poplar family | |
| dɩmínä'ä | -- | dəmínɛʔ | dmine' | nest | |
t | |||||
| s-tax̣-täˊx̣-al̕tct | -- | s-tax̣-tɛ́x̣-al'čt | s-taqh-teqh-a'lcht | doll | |
| tᴇtaqʷ | -- | tətaqʷ | ttaqw | gulch, hollow | |
| s-taräˊq-cᴇn | -- | s-tarɛ́q-šən | s-tareq-shn | mudhen | |
| s-tääm-ílgwäs | -- | s-tɛm-ílgʷɛs | s-tem-ilgwes | relative | |
| sɩn-tä'úl̕ụmc | -- | sən-tɛʔúləmš | sn-te'ulmsh | Spokane | |
| s-täˊpax̣ʷ | -- | s-tɛ́pax̣ʷ | s-tepaqhw | saliva | |
| s-tc-täm̕p | -- | s-č-tɛm'p | s-ch-te'mp | cloud | |
| s-tälᴇm | -- | s-təɫəm | s-tɫm | boat | |
| s-ti'ɩ | -- | s-tiʔ | s-ti' | thing | |
| s-tim̕ | -- | s-tim' | s-ti'm | what, something | |
| tiwun-ɬtsäˊä [sic] | -- | tiwun-ɫcɛ | tiwun-ɫtse | doe | |
| tíwämᴇn | -- | tíwɛmən | tiwemn | plaything of tallow (tiw indulge) | |
| tintc | -- | tinč | tinch | sinew, muscle | |
| s-titctsxʷ | -- | s-tičcsxʷ | s-tichtsskhw | red willowberry (?)(colloquial translation) | |
| tikʷä'ä | -- | tikʷɛʔ | tikwe' | father's sister | |
| tíxʷtstc | -- | tixʷcč | tikhwtsch | tongue | |
| túpän̕ | -- | túpɛn' | tupe'n | spider | |
| tụm | -- | təm | tm | corpse, dead | |
| s-tum̕c | -- | s-tum'š | s-tu'msh | friend (used by Coyote and Fox only) | |
| tunc | -- | tunš | tunsh | m.s. sister's child, brother's child | |
| tᴐt | -- | tɔt | tot | pet animal | |
| tᴇmᴐˊl̕x̣ | -- | təmól'x̣ | tmo'lqh | hail | |
| tɩtw̕it | -- | tətw'it | tt'wit | youth, young boy | |
| s-tiyítc-cᴇn | -- | s-tiyíč-šən | s-tiyich-shn | killdeer | |
| tɩtm̕ixʷ | -- | tətm'ixʷ | tt'mikhw | animal | |
| twi'ɩ | -- | twiʔ | twi' | the poor thing! | |
| tqᴇmíc | -- | tqəmíš | tqmish | snowbird (?) | |
| tʀin | -- | tʕin | t(in | antelope | |
t' | |||||
| t̕aqt̕ítcn | -- | t'aqt'íčn | t'aqt'ichn | game, kill | |
| t̕ᴇt̕aqʷín̕ | -- | t'ət'aqʷín' | t't'aqwi'n | one of the snipes | |
| s-t̕árt̕ari'ɩm | -- | s-t'árt'ariʔm | s-t'art'ari'm | thunder (perhaps his name) | |
| t̕ä'äkʷílc | -- | t'ɛʔkʷílš | t'e'kwilsh | shaman | |
| s-t̕ädä'ä | -- | s-t'ɛdɛʔ | s-t'ede' | hay, grass, fodder | |
| t̕ädä'ä | -- | t'ɛdɛʔ | t'ede' | canoe | |
| t̕äˊtc̕tɩtc̕ | -- | tɛ́č'təč' | tech'tch' | blackbird | |
| s-t̕iitc̕ɩmíc | -- | s-t'iičəmíš | s-t'iichmish | Virgin Mary | |
| s-t̕tím-tcä'ä | -- | s-t'tím-čɛʔ | s-t'tim-che' | daughter | |
| t̕ínä'ä | -- | t'ínɛʔ | t'ine' | outer ear | |
| t̕its̕ | -- | t'ic' | t'its' | gum | |
| s-t̕íy-äɬtsä'ä | -- | s-t'íy-ɛɫcɛʔ | s-t'iy-eɫtse' | caribou | |
| t̕úpyä'ä | -- | t'úpyɛʔ | t'upye' | great grandfather | |
| s-t̕únɬts̕ä'ä | -- | s-t'únɫc'ɛʔ | s-t'unɫts'e' | mule deer | |
| t̕us | -- | t'us | t'us | marrow | |
| tc-t̕uxʷäˊ'us | -- | č-t'uxʷɛ́ʔus | ch-t'ukhwe'us | fat around stomach of animal | |
| t̕uxʷän | -- | t'uxʷɛn | t'ukhwen | jointgrass | |
| s-t̕ᴐpqs | -- | s-t'ɔpqs | s-t'opqs | thread | |
| an-t̕ᴇl̕ánä'ä | -- | an-t'əl'ánɛʔ | an-t''lane' | wolf | |
| hɩn-t̕ụk̕w̕í'ɩsen [sic] | -- | hən-t'ək'ʷ'-íʔsen | hn-t'k'w-i'sen | seed, pit | |
| s-t̕am̕á (ltụmc) | -- | s-t'am'á | s-t'a'ma | (ltəmš) cow | |
n | |||||
| nasx̣á'ax̣ | -- | nasx̣áʔax̣ | nasqha'aqh | m.s. father-in-law | |
| nadjarᴐˊ | -- | naǰaró | najaro | scoundrel, rascal | |
| naryä | -- | naryɛ | narye | great great grandparent | |
| näɬtsítc | -- | nɛɫcíč | nɛɫcíč | m.s. mother-in-law | |
| s-nínä'ä | -- | s-nínɛʔ | s-nine' | owl | |
| s-nitc̕-ɬxʷ | -- | s-nič'-ɫxʷ | s-nich'-ɫkhw | son-in-law (nič' cut; -lxʷ house) | |
| núnä'ä | -- | núnɛʔ | nune' | mother | |
| s-nᴐs | -- | s-nɔs | s-nos | snot | |
| nᴐx̣nᴐx̣ | -- | nɔx̣nɔx̣ | noqhnoqh | spouse | |
s | |||||
| sättc | -- | sɛtč | setch | paunch | |
| *sanpiyär | -- | sanpiyɛr | sanpiyer | St. Peter | |
| *sanpᴐl | -- | sanpɔl | sanpol | St. Paul | |
| *santiglis | -- | santiglis | santiglis | Holy Church | |
| sáx̣ʷ-ɬkʷä'ä | -- | sáxʷ-ɫkʷɛʔ | sakhw-ɫkwe' | vein | |
| sarkʷs | -- | sarkʷs | sarkws | pine-squirrel | |
| sar̕ítcn̕ | -- | sar'íčn' | sa'rich'n | squirrel | |
| atc-sät̕qᴇt | -- | ač-sɛt'qət | ach-set'qt | time | |
| hɩn-sätc̕-ᴇntɩs | -- | hən-sɛč'-əntəs | hn-sech'-nts | river | |
| sätc̕-ätct | -- | sɛč'-ɛčt | sech'-echt | black moss (raw) | |
| si'ɩstᴇm | -- | siʔstəm | si'stm | m.s. brother's wife, wife's sister | |
| sípᴇm | -- | sípəm | sipm | daughter-in-law | |
| sisí'ɩ | -- | sisíʔ | sisi' | brother's brother (dim.) | |
| siw̕s | -- | siw's | si'ws | groundhog, prairie dog | |
| sit, sítkʷ | -- | sit, sítkʷ | sit, sitkw | winter | |
| sítqaps | -- | sítqaps | sitqaps | spring season | |
| sittc | -- | sitč | sitch | belly | |
| sintsä'ä | -- | sincɛʔ | sintse' | m.s younger brother | |
| sitc̕ | -- | sič' | sich' | ground squirrel | |
| siyᴐˊl-alqʷ | -- | siyól-alqʷ | siyol-alqw | stick | |
| sikʷä'ä | -- | sikʷɛʔ | sikwe' | water | |
| silä'ä | -- | silɛʔ | sile' | mother's father | |
| suuyäˊpụmc | -- | suyɛ́pəmš | suyepmsh | white man | |
| sut̕ä'äsút̕ä | -- | sut'ɛʔsút'ɛ | sut'e'sut'e | rubber | |
| susᴇn̕ | -- | susən' | sus'n | spoon | |
| suxʷ-änäy̕ | -- | suxʷ-ɛnɛy' | sukhw-ene'y | rice, ant | |
| *sᴐltäs | -- | sɔltɛs | soltes | soldier | |
c/ts | |||||
| s-tsá'aqʷ | -- | s-cáʔaqʷ | s-tsa'aqw | fall, autumn | |
| *tsánmᴇn | -- | cánmən | tsanmn | Chinaman | |
| s-tsaqụm | -- | s-caqəm | s-tsaqm | strawberry | |
| tsätxʷ | -- | cɛtxʷ | tsetkhw | house | |
| hɩn-tsäˊx̣ut | -- | hən-cáx̣ut | hn-tsaqhut | stream river | |
| s-tsí'ɩläɬ | -- | s-cíʔlɛɫ | s-tsi'leɫ | substitute | |
| tsicps | -- | cišps | tsishps | fisher | |
| tsutsyu'u | -- | cucyuʔ | tsutsyu' | firetongs | |
| tsɩtsíy̕ä'ä | -- | cəcíy'ɛʔ | tstsi'ye' | w.s. younger speaker | |
| s-tsumt | -- | s-cumt | s-tsumt | going or coming soon | |
| tsuɬum | -- | cuɫum | tsuɫum | buffalo | |
| ä-tsᴐm̕ɬxʷ | -- | ɛ-cɔm'ɫxʷ | e-tso'mɫkhw | long house | |
| a-tsᴇtsᴐqálipä | -- | ɛ-cɔm'ɫxʷ | a-cəcɔqálipɛ | red nits | |
| ä-tsụxʷ-tsụxʷ-wᴇy̕ípä'ä | -- | ɛ-cəxʷ-cəxʷ-wəyípɛʔ | e-tskhw-tskhw-wyipe' | rosehips | |
| s-ts̕am̕ | -- | s-cam' | s-tsa'm | bone, be bony | |
c'/ts' | |||||
| ts̕án̕ts̕ᴇn̕ | -- | c'án'c'ən' | ts'a'nts''n | grasshopper | |
| ts̕áq̕-äɬp | -- | c'áq'-ɛɫp | ts'aq'-eɫp | fir | |
| ts̕ax̣yú'uts̕ᴇn | -- | c'ax̣yúʔc'ən | ts'aqhyu'ts'n | mink | |
| ts̕álus | -- | c'álus | ts'alus | kingfisher | |
| a-ts̕áṛʷläp | -- | a-c'áʕʷlɛp | a-ts'a(wlep | punk | |
| s-ts̕ääw̕-íɬcᴇn̕ | -- | s-c'ɛw'-íɫšən' | s-ts'e'w-iɫsh'n | splinter-leg | |
| ts̕äkukʷ | -- | c'ɛkukʷ | ts'ekukw | elderberry | |
| hɩn-ts̕älcalps | -- | hən-c'ɛlšalps | hn-ts'elshalps | hardtack (a "story" word) | |
| ts̕i'ɩ | -- | c'iʔ | ts'i' | deer | |
| s-ts̕ict | -- | s-c'išt | s-ts'isht | m.s wife's brother, sister's husband | |
| ts̕íxʷts̕ụxʷ | -- | c'íxʷc'əxʷ | ts'ikhwts'khw | fishhawk | |
| s-ts̕ú'u-cᴇn̕ | -- | s-c'úʔ-šən | s-ts'u'-shn | foot (of slaughtered animal) | |
| s-ts̕ᴐm̕̕-ts̕ᴐm̕̕-ɬt | -- | s-c'óm'-c'ɔm'-ɫt | s-ts'o'm-ts'o'm-ɫt | boil | |
| s-c-ts̕ᴇs-lúsä'ä | -- | s-š-c'əs-lúsɛʔ | s-sh-ts's-luse' | hail | |
š/sh | |||||
| cämän̕ | -- | šɛmɛn' | sheme'n | enemy | |
| s-cät̕ᴇt | -- | s-šɛt'ət | s-shet't | cubs | |
| cät̕ut | -- | šɛt'ut | shet'ut | rock | |
| s-cäˊmpᴇm | -- | s-šɛ́mpəm | s-shempm | dense fog | |
| n-cäˊgwäl | -- | n-šɛ'gʷɛl | n-she'gwel | road | |
| uhɩs-ci'ɩmíc | -- | sailuhəs-šiʔmíš | uhs-shi'mish | my favorite | |
| ciw̕t | -- | šiw't | shi'wt | rat | |
| cɩciw̕t | -- | šəšiw't | shshi'wt | be daughter, girl | |
ǰ/j | |||||
| *djísu | -- | ǰísu | jisu | Jesus | |
| *djisᴐᴐkri | -- | ǰisɔkri | -- | Jesus Christ | |
| *djᴐn | -- | ǰɔn | jon | John | |
č/ch | |||||
| *tcätulí | -- | čɛtulí | chetuli | Catholic | |
| tcäˊläxʷ | -- | čɛ́lɛxʷ | chelekhw | muskrat | |
| s-t-tcäˊlxụm | -- | s-t-čɛ́lxəm | s-t-chelkhm | yellowhammer | |
| s-tcint | -- | s-čint | s-chint | person | |
| s-t-tc-tcin̕tus | -- | s-t-č-čin'tus | s-t-ch-chi'ntus | pupil of eye | |
| s-tcítsu'ụmc | -- | s-čícuʔəmš | s-chitsu'msh | Coeur d'Alene | |
| s-tcil | -- | s-čil | s-chil | game being tracked, quarry | |
| t-tcɩn-ítkupᴇn | -- | t-čən-ítkupən | t-chn-itkupn | Englishman (King Georgeman) | |
| *s-tcɩntsᴐˊts | -- | -- | -- | no gloss | |
| tcɩtcäy̕ä'ä | -- | čəčɛy'ɛʔ | chche'ye | w.s. mother's mother, daughter's child | |
| tcsups | -- | čsups | chsups | tail | |
č'/ch' | |||||
| s-tc̕a'a-qín̕-cᴇn | -- | s-č'aɛʔ-qín'-šən' | s-ch'ae'-qi'n-sh'n | knee, knuckle | |
| s-tc̕ä'ílup | -- | s-č'ɛʔílup | s-ch'e'ilup | last living relative | |
| tc̕äsᴇn̕ | -- | č'ɛsən' | ch'es'n | louse | |
| s-tc̕äxuxʷ | -- | s-č'ɛxuxʷ | s-ch'ekhukhw | tuberculosis | |
| tc̕äx̣-qᴇn̕ | -- | č'ɛx-qən | ch'ekh-qn | helldiver | |
| tc̕i'ɩ | -- | č'iʔ | ch'i' | antler, horn | |
| ää-tc̕ímul | -- | ɛ-č'ímul | e-ch'imul | pine needles | |
| s-tc̕im̕ | -- | s-č'im' | s-ch'i'm | unidentified animal | |
| s-t-tc̕íh-ayus | -- | s-t-č'íh-ayus | s-t-ch'ih-ayus | dandelion | |
| *tc̕ulai | -- | č'ulai | ch'ulai | July 4 | |
y, y' | |||||
| yax̣-yax̣-út.cᴇn̕ | -- | yax̣-yax̣-útšən | yaqh-yaqh-utshn | badger | |
| yuxʷmús | -- | yuxʷmús | yukhwmus | Cold | |
| yᴐˊp-yᴐp-änä'ä | -- | yóp-yɔp-ɛnɛʔ | yop-yop-ene' | man-eaters | |
| yɩlmíxụm | -- | yəlmíxəm | ylmikhm | chief | |
| hɩn-y̕ar̕íp | -- | hən-y'ar'íp | hn-'ya'rip | rear of house | |
| y̕úkʷä'ä | -- | y'úkʷɛʔ | 'yukwe' | w.s. younger brother | |
gʷ, kʷ, k'ʷ/gw, kw, k'w | |||||
| s-gwárpᴇm | -- | s-gʷárpɛm | s-gwarpem | flower | |
| s-kum-kum-íwut.cᴇn | -- | s-kum-kum-íwutšən | s-kum-kum-iwutsh | rainbow | |
| s-kʷäs-kʷäs | -- | s-kʷɛs-kʷɛs | s-kwes-kwes | chicken, pheasant | |
| s-k̕ús-ɩstcä'ä | -- | s-k'us-əsčɛʔ | s-k'us-sche' | ghost | |
| s-t-k̕ʷáys-alqʷ | -- | s-t-k'ʷáy's-alqʷ | s-t-k'wa'ys-alqw | cedar tree | |
| k̕ʷäpt | -- | k'ʷɛpt | k'wept | spine, backbone | |
| s-k̕u-k̕ʷäˊl̕ | -- | s-k'u-k'ʷɛ́l' | s-k'u-k'we'l | porcupine | |
| s-k̕ʷụt̕-k̕ʷít̕-ups | -- | s-k'ʷət'-kʷít'-ups | s-k'wt'-kwit'-ups | flea | |
| k̕ʷít̕an [sic] | -- | k'ʷít'ɛn' | k'wit'e'n | mouse | |
| s-k̕u-k̕ʷụt-il̕t | -- | s-k'u-k'ʷət-il't | s-k'u-k'wt-i'lt | fawn | |
xʷ/khw | |||||
| s-xú'un-ätc | -- | s-xúʔn-ɛč | s-khu'n-ech | thornberry | |
| s-xʷáyapaqᴇn | -- | s-xʷáyapaqən | s-khwayapaqn | red willow | |
| xʷäm-äˊtct | -- | xʷɛm-ɛ́čt | khwem-echt | woodpecker | |
| xʷälä'ä | -- | xʷɛlɛʔ | khwele' | meadowlark | |
| xʷäṛʷ | -- | xʷɛʕʷ | khwe(w | bear intestines | |
| s-xʷít̕-ätcn̕ | -- | s-xʷít'-ɛčn' | s-khwit'-ech'n | dentalium | |
| s-xʷut̕i'ɩ | -- | s-xʷutiʔ | s-khwuti' | goat | |
| xʷụts̕út | -- | xʷəc'út | khwts'ut | Rocky Mountains | |
| s-xʷụlíkʷ | -- | s-xʷəlíkʷ | s-khwlikw | whirlwind | |
| s-xʷul-ᴐˊtqᴇn | -- | s-xʷəl-ótqən | s-khwl-otqn | Jack Rabbit | |
| s-xu-xʷᴐˊm̕-qᴇn̕ | -- | s-xu-xʷóm'-qən' | s-khu-khwo'm-q'n | spoon of antler | |
| s-xu-xʷᴐˊl-qᴇn | -- | s-xu-xʷól-qən' | s-khu-khwol-q'n | spearhead of antler | |
q | |||||
| sɩn-qääm-íl̕tups | -- | sən-qɛm-íl'tups | sn-qem-i'ltups | dung (Coyote's powers) | |
| qäyí'us | -- | qɛyíʔus | qeyi'us | Cayuse | |
| qälɩspíläm | -- | qɛləspílɛm | qelspilem | Kalispelm country | |
| qälpyä | -- | qɛlpyɛ | qelpye | black swan | |
| s-qäl̕sí | -- | s-qɛl'sí | s-qe'lsi | Kutenai | |
| qinä'ä | -- | qinɛʔ | qine' | father's mother | |
| qitstc | -- | qicč | qitsch | older brother | |
| s-qigwts | -- | s-qiqʷc | s-qiqwts | wild potato (?) (grows in water) | |
| qíxʷɩlc | -- | qíxʷəlš | qikhwlsh | fish | |
| qilttc | -- | qiltč | qiltch | flesh, meat | |
| qil̕tụmxʷ | -- | qil'təmxʷ | qi'ltmkhw | man, husband | |
| ä-qu-qul̕i'ɩt | -- | ɛ-qu-qul'iʔt | e-qu-qu'li't | balsam fir | |
q' | |||||
| s-q̕äp-q̕ääp-ínä'ä | -- | s-q'ɛp-q'ɛp-ínɛʔ | s-q'ep-q'ep-ine' | sand | |
| tcat-q̕äˊl-äy̕ | -- | čat-q'ɛ́l-ɛy' | chat-q'el-e'y | lake (Chatcolet) | |
| s-q̕äl-íw̕äs-cᴇn | -- | s-q'ɛl-íw'ɛs-šən | s-q'el-i'wes-shn | snowshoes | |
| s-q̕äl̕-äps | -- | s-q'ɛl'-ɛps | s-q'e'l-eps | horse collar, necklace | |
| s-q̕äˊh-q̕äh | -- | s-q'ɛ́h-q'ɛh | s-q'eh-q'eh | small red chickenhawk | |
| q̕ip̕xʷä'ä | -- | q'ip'xʷɛʔ | q'ip'khwe' | walnut | |
| q̕u-q̕ụm̕íw̕äs | -- | q'u-q'əm'íw'ɛs | q'u-q''mi'wes | colt | |
| q̕uts̕wíyä'ä | -- | q'uc'wíyɛʔ | q'uts'wiye' | chipmunk | |
| q̕uyä'ä | -- | q'uyɛʔ | q'uye' | name of Coyote's powers | |
| q̕ᴐm-qᴇn | -- | q'ɔm-qən | q'om-qn | (or k'ɔmqən) head | |
x̣/qh | |||||
| x̣ä'úlụmxʷ | -- | x̣ɛʔúləmxʷ | qhe'ulmkhw | rattlesnake | |
| x̣äˊläxʷ | -- | x̣ɛ́lɛxʷ | qhelekhw | tooth | |
| x̣älíqʷä'ä | -- | x̣ɛlíqʷɛʔ | qheliqwe' | dried salmon roe | |
| x̣ípä'ä | -- | x̣ípɛʔ | qhipe' | father's father, son's child | |
| s-x̣ít̕-ụmcᴇn | -- | s-x̣ít'-əmšən | s-qhit'-mshn | leggings, trousers | |
| s-x̣íy-ä'äst | -- | s-x̣íy-ɛʔst | s-qhiy-e'st | cooking stones | |
qʷ/qw | |||||
| s-qʷán-ɬkʷä'äp | -- | s-qʷán-ɫkʷɛʔɛp | s-qwan-ɫkwe'ep | empty receptacle | |
| s-qʷás-qʷasä'ä | -- | s-qʷás-qʷasɛʔ | s-qwas-qwase' | child | |
| s-qʷäy-uu | -- | s-qʷɛy-uʔ | s-qwey-u' | grape | |
| s-qʷím̕-us | -- | s-qʷím'-us | s-qwi'm-us | woodtick | |
| s-qʷíts-ụmc | -- | s-qʷíc-əmš | s-qwits-msh | cottontail | |
| qʷíläm̕ | -- | qʷílɛm' | qwile'm | song | |
| qʷụlíwɩl̕c | -- | qʷəlíwəl'š | qwliw'lsh | onion | |
q'ʷ/q'w | |||||
| q̕ʷäsuu | -- | q'ʷɛsu | q'wesu | bunch | |
| s-q̕ʷäq̕ʷ-alqʷ | -- | s-q'ʷɛq'ʷ-alqʷ | s-q'weq'w-alqw | prairie grouse | |
| sɩn-q̕ʷụdä'úscᴇn | -- | sən-q'ʷədɛʔúsšən | sn-q'wde'usshn | root | |
| s-t-q̕ʷụsúm̕ | -- | s-t-q'ʷəsúm' | s-t-q'wsu'm | weasel | |
| q̕ʷuts̕wiyä'ä | -- | q'ʷuc'wiyɛʔ | q'wuts'wiye' | chipmunk | |
x̣ʷ/qhw | |||||
| s-x̣u'uxʷ | -- | s-x̣uʔxʷ | s-qhu'khw | steam, vapor | |
| s-x̣úsᴇm | -- | s-x̣úsəm | s-qhusm | soapberry | |
| x̣ʷát-x̣ʷat | -- | x̣ʷát-x̣ʷat | qhwat-qhwat | duck | |
| s-x̣ʷụɬ-x̣ʷáɬ | -- | x̣ʷəɫ-x̣ʷáɫ | qhwɫ-qhwaɫ | Rocky Mt. sheep | |
| s-x̣ʷal-ístcᴇn | -- | s-x̣ʷal-ísčən | s-qhwal-ischn | buck (deer) | |
| s-x̣ʷäˊṛʷ-x̣ʷäṛʷ | -- | s-x̣ʷɛ́ʕʷ-x̣ʷɛʕʷ | s-qhwe(w-qhwe(w | fox | |
l | |||||
| *lawan | -- | lawan | lawan | oats | |
| láx̣ʷ-lụxʷ [sic] | -- | láx̣ʷ-ləxʷ | laqhw-lkhw | cherry | |
| s-lääw̕ínätc | -- | s-lɛw'ínɛč | s-le'winech | crickets | |
| *läbotäm [sic] | -- | lɛbotɛm | lebotem | bottle | |
| *lääswip | -- | lɛswip | leswip | Jew | |
| *lᴇsaapᴐt | -- | ləsapɔt | lsapot | apostles | |
| lup̕ay̕ | -- | lup'ay' | lup'a'y | basket | |
| lɩtkú | -- | lətkú | ltku | otter | |
| lᴇkapí | -- | ləkapí | lkapi | coffee | |
| lụqᴐsᴐˊ | -- | ləqɔsó | lqoso | pig | |
ɫ, l' | |||||
| hɩn-ɬámqä'ä | -- | hən-ɫámqɛʔ | hn-ɫamqe' | black bear | |
| s-tc-ɬämt | -- | s-č-ɫɛmt | s-ch-ɫemt | light fog, dew | |
| s-tc-ɬus-mᴇn | -- | s-č-ɫus-mən | s-ch-ɫus-mn | eye | |
| s-ɬụxʷ-tct | -- | s-ɫəxʷ-čt | s-ɫkhw-cht | glove | |
| ɬɩtcíp | -- | ɫəčíp | ɫchip | bucket | |
| l̕ᴇl̕ᴇpᴐˊt | -- | l'əl'əpót | 'l'lpot | cup | |
| l̕äl̕ɩq̕ʷɩl̕c | -- | l'ɛl'əq'ʷəl'š | 'le'lq'w'lsh | ripples | |
ʕ, ʕʷ/(, (w | |||||
| s-ʀin | -- | s-ʕin | s-(in | catbird | |
| s-ʀíhänt | -- | s-ʕíhɛnt | s-(ihent | goose | |
| s-ṛʷäˊl-gụl | -- | s-ʕʷɛ́l-gəl | s-(wel-gl | fishnet, bagnet | |
h | |||||
| háy-aqs | -- | háy-aqs | hay-aqs | pearl | |
| hamäˊɬtᴇmc | -- | hamɛɫtəmš | hameɫtmsh | fly, insect, maggot | |
| hɩn-halaatsäˊ | -- | hən-halacɛ́ | hn-halatse | (or cín) raspberry | |
| hämä'ä | -- | hɛmɛʔ | heme' | French | |