Reichard's Stem List
The stem list presented here was built by Gladys Reichard, and first published in 1939. The list is available in several forms. To access the list in a dictionary form, use the 'browse' or 'search' features above. Here you will see each stem as Reichard wrote it, and as it would be written using the 'Nicodemus' spelling system. The stems are presented in several groups - first the 'verbs', then 'adverbs, interjections, and conjunctions', and finally the 'nouns'. Within each group, stems are ordered alphabetically.
You can also view Reichard 1939 in its original form (as a pdf), or as a set of images that you can view in your browser.
Salish |
Nicodemus |
|
|---|---|---|
| Verbs | ||
a | ||
| acqaʔ | atsqa' | go out, singular and plural |
| ac'x̣ | ats'qh | look at |
| ayx̣ʷ(-t) | ayqhw(-t) | be tired |
| ax̣il | aqhil | do thus |
| aʕʷ | a(w | be much, many |
ɛ/e | ||
| ɛpɫ | epɫ | there is, have |
| ɛw(-t) | ew(-t) | oppose |
| ɛm(-t) | em(-t) | share, feed |
| ɛm | em | one sits |
| ɛkʷn | ekwn | say, tell |
| ɛx-us | ekh-us | look for, hunt |
| ɛnis | enis | leave, set out, go away |
| ɛsil | esil | two |
| ɛčɛn' | eche'n | tie up sack |
| ɛngʷɛt | engwet | belong to |
| ɛčin | echin | do with, put, be the matter |
| ɛl | el | move body |
i | ||
| ip' | ip' | wipe |
| im | im | try |
| im | im | gather together |
| id | id | exchange, barter |
| ingʷɛt | ingwet | be who, what |
| idxʷ | idkhw | be in form of cross |
| icč | itsch | play |
| igʷ | igw | set out for |
| tč'-i'gʷəl | tch'-i'gwl | climb |
| ixʷəl | ikhwl | be some |
| ilk'ʷ | ilk'w | store new acquisition |
| iɫn | iɫn | eat |
u, ɔ/o | ||
| upən | upn | ten |
| us-əlš | us-lsh | dive from land (face in horseshoe curve) |
| uckʷ | utskw | bathe, person swims |
| ukʷ | ukw | carry, bring |
| ukʷt | ukwt | crawl |
| ɔqʷs | oqws | drink |
| ɔh-iʔt | oh-i't | have a cold |
| ɔr(-t) | or(-t) | be frozen stiff |
b | ||
| bam | bam | be intoxicated, be versatile |
| bɛm | bem | buzz |
| bum | bum | speed (used of drunks) |
| buc | buts | be boots (Eng. used for rubber boots) |
| bam(u-) | bam(u-) | go fast and far |
p | ||
| paʔax̣ | pa'aqh | think over (cp pax̣ be wise) |
| paw' | pa'w | drum on drum |
| patx̣ʷ | patqhw | burst forth (as oil, water, pus) |
| pas | pas | be astonished, bewildered, amaze, wonder |
| pas | pas | come to surface (cp. pas be astonished) |
| pan' | pa'n | be spouse |
| pax̣ | paqh | be wise, think, reflect - -t, tell myths |
| pax̣ | paqh | rub on rough surface (as strike match) |
| pax̣ʷ | paqhw | scatter, distribute in order |
| par | par | be white with powder |
| parq' | parq' | be curved |
| par'kʷ | pa'rkw | pierce |
| paʕʷ | pa(w | defecate |
| pɛw' | pe'w | drum on tin |
| pɛtqʷ | petqw | race |
| pɛst-ɛʔ | pest-e' | be half, one side |
| pɛn' | pe'n | bend, be bent |
| pɛy'-piy'(-t) | pe'y-pi'y(-t) | be delightful (cp. piy be happy) |
| pɛkʷ | pekw | lay pl. round objects |
| pɛxʷ | pekhw | get small catch of fish |
| pɛxʷ | pekhw | wind-blown |
| pɛq | peq | white, bleached, silver |
| tə-pɛx̣ʷ | t-peqhw | spit, saliva |
| pɛɫ | peɫ | be thick layer |
| pɛr'kʷ | pe'rkw | nail |
| pɛʕʷ | pe(w | be surplus, plus |
| piw' | pi'w | move in jerks |
| piw' | pi'w | be light in weight (perhaps same as preceding) |
| pis | pis | pl. objects are big |
| picxʷ(-t) | pitskhw(-t) | become angry with defeat or discouragement |
| piy | piy | be happy |
| pigʷ | pigw | swell, breathe |
| piɫ | piɫ | be scattered |
| pih | pih | rise to surface, separate (as cream) |
| puʔus | pu'us | swell, bubble, ferment |
| put-ɛʔ | put-e' | respect, honor, worship |
| pus(- -t) | pus(- -t) | be a nuisance |
| pus | pus | be engrossed in digestion |
| pə-pus-inč | p-pus-inch | be sad, sorry, mournful (seems not to be dim.) |
| puxʷ | pukhw | blow with mouth |
| puqʷ-ilš | puqw-ilsh | come to observe |
| pulut | pulut | kill, injure |
| pulk'ʷ | pulk'w | fold sheetlike object |
| puɫ | puɫ | foam (prog. dis.) |
| pɔs | pos | concentrate (also, 'comical' LN) |
| pəs-iš | ps-ish | gather wood (cp. pis pl. are large) |
p' | ||
| p'aʔax̣ | p'a'aqh | heal, become well |
| p'at' | p'at' | pour mushy stuff, dream (prog. dis.) |
| p'ac' | p'ats' | squirt, defecate (prog. dis.) |
| p'aq'ʷ | p'aq'w | powder |
| p'ax̣ʷ-iʔt | p'aqhw-i't | cough |
| p'aɫq | p'aɫq | put away, pack up |
| p'ɛʔ | p'e' | squeeze in orgasm |
| p'ɛt | p'et | fall to ground of own weight (as grain) |
| p'ɛt' | p'et' | slip out of place |
| p'ɛn | p'en | pl. long objects lie |
| p'ɛt' | p'et' | be smooth |
| p'ey' | p'e'y | press, milk |
| p'ɛgʷ | p'egw | nag |
| p'ɛlč' | p'elch' | turn flat thing over (as body) |
| p'ɛr(-t) | p'er(-t) | flood, be in excess, overflow |
| p'iʔ | p'i' | crush by pressing |
| p'ic' | p'its' | push |
| p'iy' | p'i'y | squeeze |
| p'ixʷ(u-) | p'ikhw(u-) | be bright with own light, (- -t) be bright from reflection |
| p'ilč' | p'ilch' | turn round objects |
| p'iɫ | p'iɫ | persons sit |
| p'uʔut' | p'u'ut' | be greasy, oily |
| p'um | p'um | be mouse-colored |
| p'ut' | p'ut' | come to an end (as river, road, woods) |
| p'usq'ʷ | p'usq'w | crumple, collapse |
| p'uy' | p'u'y | be wrinkled |
| p'uɫ | p'uɫ | be poison ivy, use poison ivy |
| p'ɔc' | p'ots' | smash |
| p'əč'(u-) | p'ch'(u-) | shine, glitter |
| p'əl | p'l | turn (as eyelid) |
| p'əp'əl(u-) | p'p'l(u-) | smashed flat |
| p'əsaq'ʷ | p'saq'w | bone breaks |
m | ||
| may | may | predict, foresee (with -qən voice) |
| may | may | be muddy |
| maq'ʷ | maq'w | pl. objects lie, pile |
| max̣ʷ | maqhw | cover with snow |
| mal'(-p) | ma'l(-p) | be uncomfortably warm (prog. dis.) |
| mal' | ma'l | come to boil (prog. dis.) (same as preceding?) |
| malq'ʷ(u-) | malq'w(u-) | be spherical, make into lump |
| maɫq | maɫq | heavy convex object collapses |
| mar-im | mar-im | treat for illness |
| markʷ-ɛʔ | markw-e' | season with food (as camas with blood) |
| mɛ | me | be undecided |
| mɛy(u-) | mey(u-) | be evident that, know, -p come to know |
| mɛy | mey | arrange |
| mɛy'(- -t) | me'y(- -t) | report |
| mɛc | mets | be dull |
| mɛc' | mets' | grease |
| mɛč' | mech' | be well-shaped (as workhorse) |
| mɛn' | me'n | rub |
| mɛxʷ(-t) | mekhw(-t) | laugh |
| mɛxʷ(-t) | mekhw(-t) | be in extreme agony |
| mɛlk'ʷ | melk'w | be whole, intact, complete |
| mɛlk'ʷ | melk'w | curdle |
| mɛɫ | meɫ | persons lie |
| mɛʕʷ | me(w | smash, ruin |
| mii | mii | discover, learn |
| mii(u-) | mii(u-) | be evident that not |
| miʔ(-t) | mi'(-t) | bore |
| miʔm | mi'm | send away, drive off |
| miʔt | mi't | be middle |
| min-s | min-s | turn face away |
| min' | mi'n | smear, paint |
| miy(u-) | miy(u-) | make clear, know (an idea) |
| miy | miy | be dignified |
| mik'ʷ | mik'w | snow |
| mixʷ | mikhw | hang in bunches (earth as it appears from sky) |
| milxʷ | milkhw | be naked |
| mil'xʷ | mi'lkhw | smoke tobacco |
| miɫ | miɫ | rest |
| mil' | mi'l | repair |
| mil' | mi'l | distribute (as food at feast) |
| mil' | mi'l | wait for |
| mil' | mi'l | be aimless |
| mum-šit | mum-shit | help with burden |
| mus | mus | fumble, feel about |
| mus | mus | four |
| mul | mul | be soil, dirt (prog. dis.) |
| mul | mul | dip up (prog. dis.) |
| mɔʔt | mo't | smoke (prog. dis.) |
| mɔq (- -t) | moq | be excitable |
| məntuw'-il'š | mntu'w-i'lsh | arrive at destination promptly |
m' | ||
| m'iw | 'miw | cat meows |
w | ||
| waʔax̣ | wa'aqh | smart (as mucus membrane or skin) |
| way | way | bother |
| wax̣ | waqh | brook murmurs |
| wax̣ | waqh | chap, (u-) having become chapped, (-t) inherently chapped, rough from chapping |
| wɛlč' | welch' | roll solid object |
| wiʔ | wi' | cry out, shout |
| wiʔp | wi'p | transform |
| wit | wit | be full of maggots |
| winš | winsh | dance wardance |
| wiš | wish | build, dwell, poles stand up |
| wih | wih | dog barks |
| wəx̣ʷ | wqhw | fire gets draft |
| wəl' | w'l | act unnatural, silly |
| w'ɛt(u-) | 'wet(u-) | be just outside door (probably dim. of gʷɛt[?]) |
d | ||
| daq' | daq' | peer through cracks |
| dax̣ | daqh | drive many, round up animals |
| daxʷ(-p) | dakhw(-p) | hard object breaks in pieces |
| dar | dar | pl. solid objects stand |
| dɛm | dem | be very old |
| dɛs | des | camp |
| dɛx̣ | deqh | round up |
| dɛx̣(-t) | deqh(-t) | pl. go, depart travel |
| dɛx̣ʷ | deqhw | lower, descend, dismount |
| dɛl' | de'l | lie down like animal |
| dik'ʷ | dik'w | cross |
| dik'ʷ-s | dik'w-s | turn about in going (cross face) |
| dilk'ʷ | dilk'w | cover entirely, conceal |
| diɫ | diɫ | rustle, shake |
| duʔukʷ | du'ukw | be stingy, grudge |
| dul | dul | sing warsong |
| dul' | du'l | run fast, pursue |
| dɔq'ʷ(-t) | doq'w(-t) | wood is rotten |
| dɔlq'ʷ | dolq'w | person is strong |
| dəlim | dlim | gallop go on fours |
t | ||
| tam | tam | scorch, toast, singe (prog. dis) |
| tatq | tatq | hang strips of smoked fat |
| taqʷ | taqw | buy |
| taxʷ | takhw | twirl |
| taq | taq | touch, cover with hand |
| tax̣ | taqh | be bitter, sharp to taste |
| tal'q | ta'lq | touch with foot, step on, kick |
| tar | tar | untie, loosen |
| tar' | ta'r | be laid out in trails, have trails |
| tɛmxʷ | temkhw | tree is rotten |
| tɛwš | tewsh | go across |
| tɛwš-ɛ(čt) | tewsh-e(cht) | six |
| tɛd-əš | ted-sh | squirm |
| ten | pull line, (u-) be tight, (- -t) (clothes) fit tight, (-p) become tight (as rawhide) | |
| tɛn' | te'n | arranged in line |
| tɛs(-p) | tes(-p) | bulge |
| tɛgʷ | tegw | buy, sell |
| tɛgʷ | tegw | fail to reach |
| tɛkʷ | tekw | be stuffy (devoid of air), (u-) room is close, (-p) choke, smother |
| tɛxʷ | tekhw | add to a store |
| tɛq | teq | use sharp practise, cheat |
| tɛx̣ʷ(u-) | teqhw(u-) | stop shaking |
| tɛx̣ʷ | teqhw | one stops |
| tɛl(-p) | tel(-p) | soft object breaks off |
| tɛɫ(u-) | teɫ(u-) | be straight, u-tɛ́ɫt, go directly |
| tiʔ | ti' | pound, hit |
| tiʔi | ti'i | bump |
| tiʔɫ | ti'ɫ | one flies |
| tim' | ti'm | use |
| tim' | ti'm | ground is clear of snow |
| tiw-ɛʔ | tiw-e' | indulge |
| tiy'-ɛqʷ(-t) | ti'y-eqw(-t) | fight |
| tikʷ | tikw | suspect, smell out |
| tixʷ | tikhw | collect, gather, secure |
| tilp | tilp | break up |
| tiɫ(-t) | tiɫ(-t) | brushy objects sprawl |
| tu | tu | crowd, swarm |
| tup | tup | cool |
| tum | tum | pump, suck through tube |
| tuw' | tu'w | stuff |
| tuc(u-) | tuts(u-) | be wellfed |
| tukʷ | tukw | beat, tick |
| tɔr | tor | be tough (as meat, leather) |
| tɔr | tor | stretch out, extend (as hand) |
| tɔr-s | tor-s | beckon with eye |
| twip'(-t) | twip'(-t) | step over obstruction |
| twel-ac | twel-ats | aim, point long thing at |
| tqus | tqus | be defeated, fire goes out |
| tʕim(-t) | t(im(-t) | shout |
| tʕɛh-im | t(eh-im | give warwhoop, yell |
t' | ||
| t'ap | t'ap | shoot (prog. dis.) |
| t'apq | t'apq | stick pinlike object in |
| t'am' | t'a'm | make damp, lick, kiss |
| t'as | t'as | be thin, skinny |
| t'asq | t'asq | be weary with waiting |
| t'aq | t'aq | bushy stuff lies |
| t'aq-t | t'aq-t | birds return from migration |
| t'ax̣(u-) | t'aqh(u-) | be swift |
| t'ax̣tš | t'aqhtsh | be unbearable |
| t'aq'ʷ | t'aq'w | slap |
| t'alq'ʷ-s | t'alq'w-s | egg or eye bursts |
| t'alq' | t'alq' | take out (as from the mouth or container) |
| t'ɛp | t'ep | pl. stop |
| t'ɛm(u-,-t) | t'em(u-,-t) | be damp |
| t'ɛm | t'em | cut with scissors |
| t'ɛm' | t'e'm | cut cloth by sliding scissors through |
| t'ɛš(-t) | t'esh(-t) | be sweet |
| t'ɛǰ | t'ej | pour liquid |
| t'ɛkʷ | t'ekw | pl. cry out, make noise like colt |
| t'ɛkʷ(u-) | t'ekw(u-) | be watertight |
| t'ɛkʷ-s | t'ekw-s | bleed |
| t'ɛk'ʷ | t'ek'w | one lies |
| t'ɛk'ʷ | t'ek'w | be lighted |
| t'ɛxʷ | t'ekhw | pl. die, kill pl. |
| t'ɛq'ʷ(u-) | t'eq'w(u-) | go off, explode |
| t'ɛl' | t'e'l | tear, rip |
| t'im | t'im | shake hands |
| t'im' | t'i'm | tear cloth from bolt |
| t'id-ɛm | t'id-em | frail, fragile |
| t'ic' | t'its' | smooth by rubbing |
| t'iš | t'ish | be sweetened |
| t'ič | t'ich | protrude |
| t'ič' | t'ich' | provide food for travel |
| t'ikʷ(-t) | t'ikw(-t) | be told, (- -t) parents |
| t'ixʷ-əl | t'ikhw-l | be different, abnormal |
| t'um | t'um | smirk, mouth in sucking position |
| t'um' | t'u'm | pipelike, hollow tube |
| t'uw'ɛnt | t'u'went | be very low (dim. of gʷɛnt) |
| t'uk'ʷ | t'uk'w | be uneven like roots pushing up ground |
| t'uxʷ(-t) | t'ukhw(-t) | one wades |
| t'uxʷ-ilš | t'ukhw-ilsh | one jumps off of |
| t'ɔɫ | t'oɫ | be lumpy, sticky with mud |
| t'ul' | t'u'l | decent, real, human, trained, refined, civilized |
| t'ul' | t'u'l | get acquainted, have poise, be approachable, well to do |
| t'ɔxʷ | t'okhw | fear supernatural (witch) power |
| t'ɔqʷ | t'oqw | have power, succeed in everything |
| t'əšsɔʔ | t'shso' | sneeze |
| t'əxup | t'khup | win, earn |
| t'əqʷ | t'qw | team up, marry |
| t'ɛp | t'ep | jump aside |
| t'ək'ʷip | t'k'wip | start to |
| t'əq'ʷ | t'q'w | put out light |
n | ||
| nas(u-) | nas(u-) | wet |
| naq | naq | be satiated with food |
| naq' | naq' | organic substance is rotten |
| naq'ʷ | naq'w | steal |
| neʔkʷun | ne'kun | think |
| nɛpt | nept | pl. enter |
| nɛk'ʷ-ɛʔ | nek'w-e' | one |
| nɛq'(u-) | neq'(u-) | be sticky |
| nɛr | ner | paint |
| niw'(-t) | ni'w(-t) | wind blows |
| nič | nich | protect |
| nič' | nich' | cut with blade |
| nik'ʷ | nik'w | be tribe |
| nuxʷ(-t) | nukhw(-t) | frog swims |
| nɔc | nots | tender, soft (as meat, rubber) |
n' | ||
| n'ax̣ʷ(-t) | 'naqhw(-t) | downstream |
| n'-id | 'n-id | exchange, trade, pay for |
| n'uɫxʷ | 'nuɫkhw | one enters |
| n'n'ɔy'-ɛʔ | 'n'no'y-e' | weak (dim) |
s | ||
| saʔax̣ | sa'aqh | dissolve |
| san'(-t) | sa'n(-t) | tame (prog, dis.), (-p) be drowsy |
| saq' | saq' | gape, split in two |
| sax̣ | saqh | hew, whittle |
| saʕʷ | sa(w | flow, (-p) leak |
| sɛtč | setch | twist solid object (as vine, wire) |
| sɛgʷɛt | segwet | who? |
| sɛxʷ | sekhw | carry on back |
| sɛxʷq | sekhwq | splash |
| sɛx̣ʷ(u-,-t) | seqhw(u-,-t) | sound of cracking timbers |
| sɛl | sel | turn, spin in eye, turn swiftly |
| sii-siyus | sii-siyus | astute, canny, capable, clever, cautious, competent, diligent, discerning, enterprising, prudent, sagacious, shrewed, skillful, successful, intelligent, resourceful, adaptable |
| sip'-ɛy' | sip'-e'y | be buckskin |
| sidəst | sidst | night passes, spend night |
| sic | sits | be new |
| sic' | sits' | be blanket, be blanketed |
| siy | siy | exert (see sii-siyus) |
| siy | siy | cut and gather cedarbark |
| sigʷ | sigw | ask for |
| sixʷ | sikhw | pour solid objects or liquid |
| sil | sil | turn, cause dizziness |
| sum' | su'm | smell at, sniff |
| suʔut' | su'ut' | stretch |
| suk'ʷ | suk'w | float with current |
| suxʷ(-t) | sukhw(-t) | be acquainted with, know |
| suxʷ-əlš | sukhw-lsh | fish dives |
| sul(u-) | sul(u-) | be cold (as body, stove, iron, corpse), (-t) be cold (as body, things in refrigerator) |
| səlup | slup | spin of itself, set self spinning |
| səls-us | sls-us | houses blow down |
| swiʔ | swi' | be handsome, beautiful (of persons only) |
| slip' | slip' | be wood |
c/ts | ||
| cas(-t) | tsas(-t) | be long slender, be fine |
| cap' | tsap' | girls 'snap' eyes to show contempt |
| caq | tsaq | solid object stands upright |
| caqip | tsaqip | follow |
| caqʷ | tsaqw | long object slips into hollow object |
| cax̣ʷ | tsaqhw | increase as by saving |
| calxʷ (calx̣ʷ) | tsalkhw | claw, dig, dig claws in |
| caʕ | tsa( | scream, shriek with pain |
| caʕʷ | tsa(w | fringe |
| cɛtxʷ | tsetkhw | be house |
| cɛč | tsech | thunder strikes |
| cɛgʷ | tsegw | be feather |
| cɛgʷ | tsegw | behave, have character |
| cɛk'ʷ | tsek'w | drag, pull |
| cɛxʷ | tsekhw | pet |
| cɛʔxʷ | tse'khw | caress |
| cɛxʷ | tsekhw | peel bark off twig |
| cɛqʷ | tseqw | be bright pink (color of tamarack wood) |
| cɛls | tsels | sound guilty |
| ciʔ | tsi' | there near second person |
| ciʔxʷ | tsi'khw | pl. wade, enter water |
| ciw' | tsi'w | be youngest child |
| cis | tsis | be made long and slender |
| ciš | tsish | be long, tall |
| ciš(u-) | tsish(u-) | be heated |
| cik'ʷ | tsik'w | cause blurry look |
| cil | tsil | five |
| cih | tsih | be next to move |
| cum | tsum | be surfeited with fat |
| cuw' | tsu'w | punch |
| cun | tsun | point, show |
| cun-čt | tsun-cht | seven |
| cus | tsus | snake rattles |
| cuy'(u-, -t) | tsu'y(u-, -t) | be chilly, make gooseflesh |
| cɔʔt | tso't | sob (prog. dis.) |
| cəcɛ: | tstse | leave alone, unharmed |
| cəcɛm'-ɛʔ | tstse'm-e' | pl. are small |
| cəkʷigʷ(-t) | tskwigw(-t) | see dimly, be indistinct to sight |
c'/ts' | ||
| c'ap'q' | ts'ap'q' | adhere, stick to (as glue) |
| c'am | ts'am | be nearly pointed (as football, or lemon) |
| c'aw(u-) | ts'aw(u-) | be dry, boring, washed out (lit. soaked out) |
| c'aw' | ts'a'w | wash |
| c'aw'q | ts'a'wq | pull out solid object (as nail out of board) |
| c'aq' | ts'aq' | be bunched, clumped |
| c'ax̣ʷ | ts'aqhw | choose |
| c'ax̣ʷ | ts'aqhw | promise |
| c'al-alqʷ | ts'al-alqw | play stickgame (c'al one person stands; -alqʷ long object) |
| c'alx̣ʷ | ts'alqhw | claw, dig claws in |
| c'ar | ts'ar | be ill, hurt, ache |
| c'ar(-t) | ts'ar(-t) | feel cold to touch (stove, ice) |
| c'ɛp' | ts'ep' | lightproof |
| c'ɛs | ts'es | collect by pecking, salvage |
| c'ɛsp | ts'esp | annihilate, destroy, consume, use up |
| c'ɛč | ts'ech | count, number |
| c'ɛk'ʷ(u-) | ts'ek'w(u-) | be stiff (as bones) |
| c'ɛx̣ | ts'eqh | fry |
| c'ɛqʷ | ts'eqw | butcher |
| c'ɛx̣ʷ | ts'eqhw | spark |
| c'ɛl | ts'el | one stands |
| c'ɛl' | ts'e'l | pl. long objects project, stand up |
| c'ɛl'(u-) | ts'e'l(u-) | fear fierce one, (- -t) one is fierce |
| c'ip' | ts'ip' | pinch fine |
| c'im | ts'im | grab handful |
| c'ic' | ts'its' | pinch skin together |
| c'ič | ts'ich | be prickly, (u-) be rough like file |
| c'iy' | ts'i'y | be right side |
| c'ikʷ-ɛʔ | ts'ikw-e' | be left side |
| c'ixʷ | ts'ikhw | prepare chips by peeling and tying |
| c'iɫ(u-) | ts'iɫ(u-) | weather is cool |
| c'il' | ts'i'l | be outline, shadow |
| c'uʔum | ts'u'um | cry, weep |
| c'ul' | ts'u'l | break sad news, report death |
| c'ɔm' | ts'o'm | suck on solid object |
| c'ɔr | ts'or | be sour |
| c'əm | ts'm | press make tight (cp. c'am) |
| c'əkʷin | ts'kwin | run |
| c'uq'un | ts'uq'un | pronounce |
š/sh | ||
| šap | shap | tear meat from bone |
| šašagʷ(-t) | shashagw(-t) | be sharp |
| šar | shar | use no energy, (u-) be inefficient, (-t) be idle |
| šar | shar | be difficult, disobedient, annoying |
| šar | shar | one hangs |
| šarč | sharch | be troublesome |
| šɛp | shep | discriminate, select, sift |
| šɛm | shem | be in between |
| šɛt | shet | tease |
| šɛt' | shet' | beat in contest, level |
| šɛt' | shet' | one long object projects |
| šɛt' | shet' | take care of |
| šɛt' | shet' | surround by enemy |
| šɛn | shen | labor |
| šɛn' | she'n | one flat object lies |
| šɛs | shes | be doubtful about, ignorant of, refuse to believe in |
| šɛc | shets | dig in ground |
| šɛc' | shets' | wait |
| šɛc'(u-) | shets'(u-) | be firm, solid, permanent |
| šɛč' | shech' | wait (perhaps the last three are the same) |
| šɛl | shel | chop, split |
| šɛlč | shelch | move in a circle |
| šiʔ | shi' | be fastidious |
| šiʔt | shi't | be first, oldest |
| šip(-t) | ship(-t) | be slow, deliberate in action |
| šip | ship | complete task |
| šip | ship | possess without interference |
| šim' | shi'm | benefit |
| šiw' | shi'w | be girl |
| šiɫ(u-) | shiɫ(u-) | fit, be exact, correct |
| šəšəl'(u-) | shsh'l(u-) | be very fine |
j | ||
| ǰar' | ja'r | be firm, strong |
| ǰɛm | jem | pin, brace |
| ǰɛy'ǰiy'(-t) | je'yji'y(-t) | be ugly, homely, unsightly |
| ǰax̣ | jaqh | mark by scratching |
| častq | chastq | dig camas |
| čay(u-) | chay(u-) | one is enduring, solid form |
| čarq | charq | hang on with arm, deter |
| čɛm' | che'm | take hold of pl. object |
| čɛn' | che'n | take hold of large object |
| čɛn'šit | che'nshit | help |
| čɛn'xʷ | che'nkhw | hit person with slight touch, bump into |
| čɛš | chesh | accompany |
| čɛgʷ | chegw | extend |
| čɛl | chel | await eagerly, anxiously |
| čɛl' | che'l | cough up |
| čɛɫ | cheɫ | separate, divorce, part |
| čiʔ | chi' | open, uncover, unveil |
| čiʔɫɛs | chi'ɫes | three |
| čip | chip | soften |
| čim' | chi'm | disdain,turn away from |
| čic | chits | arrive |
| čic | chits | find |
| čigʷ | chigw | go out onto prairie |
| čiɫ | chiɫ | give |
| čil' | chi'l | nauseate |
| čuc | chuts | be light person, behave affectedly |
| čəp(u-) | chp(u-) | be unexpectedly soft |
| čəšip | chship | chase |
| čəčaʕ' | chcha(' | be slender and cylindrical |
| čəčip | chchip | be soft and smooth (like fur) |
| čəčmin | chchmin | throw one object |
| čəɫip | chɫip | hunt big game |
| čəpxʷ | chpkhw | snap with finger |
č'/ch' | ||
| č'at(u-) | ch'at(u-) | tick, beat |
| č'ax̣ʷ | ch'aqhw | shove, move to one side |
| č'ar | ch'ar | cut flimsy object with shears |
| č'ar | ch'ar | animal swims |
| č'ar | ch'ar | band lies without exerting pressure |
| č'aʔš | ch'a'sh | condescend |
| č'ɛp'xʷ | ch'ep'khw | clip, click |
| č'ɛm | ch'em | be surface |
| č'ɛm' | ch'e'm | be dark (as night) |
| č'ɛw | ch'ew | be depressing |
| č'ɛw' | ch'e'w | be large cylinder shaped |
| č'ɛd | ch'ed | shade |
| č'ɛt' | ch'et' | cut off completely |
| č'ɛnp' | ch'enp' | clasp, encircle |
| č'ɛn' | ch'e'n | one round object lies |
| č'ɛs(-t) | ch'es(-t) | be bad |
| č'ɛc' | ch'ets' | one long object lies |
| č'ɛc | ch'ets | be stupid |
| č'ɛxʷ | ch'ekhw | peck at hard object (as woodpecker) |
| č'ɛx̣ | ch'eqh | rub against as 'move aside' |
| č'ɛl | ch'el | be bark |
| č'ɛlxʷ(x̣ʷ) | ch'elkhw(qhw) | be concave |
| č'aʕʷ | ch'a(w | pray |
| č'ip' | ch'ip' | pinch |
| č'im | ch'im | grab-some |
| č'id(u-) | ch'id(u-) | be shadowy |
| č'it-ɛʔ | ch'it-e' | be near |
| č'in' | ch'i'n | be dangerous |
| č'ixʷ | ch'ikhw | lean |
| č'ih | ch'ih | approach, get near |
| ču | chu | be absent, gone, missing, empty |
| č'əčɛn'-ɛʔ | ch'che'n-e' | one is small |
| č'ət'(u-) | ch't'(u-) | be brown |
| č'əp'xʷ(u-) | ch'p'khw(u-) | it went click |
| č'əxʷ | ch'khw | retire from pursuit (prog. dis.) |
y | ||
| yanuq'ʷ | yanuq'w | snake is coiled |
| yac'(u-) | yats'(u-) | be tight (as belt or rope) (prog. dis.) |
| yaq' | yaq' | file, whet |
| yar | yar | hooplike object rolls |
| yar | yar | be torch |
| yarp' | yarp' | loop lies |
| yark'ʷ | yark'w | be curved, crooked |
| yaʕ | ya( | lack, need, be scarce |
| yaʕ | ya( | assemble, be many, gather, crowd |
| yaʕ | ya( | be shy, timid, uncertain, hesitant |
| yɛʔ | ye' | procure game |
| yɛp' | yep' | sway, rock |
| yɛm | yem | be silent |
| yɛm | yem | earn, score |
| yɛtkʷ | yetkw | wood is rotten |
| yɛnp' | yenp' | clamp screw |
| yɛl'xʷ | ye'lkhw | cover with material |
| yim' | yi'm | trap by surrounding |
| yit' | yit' | stir (as mush) |
| yil' | yi'l | defense is approached |
| yirk'ʷ | yirk'w | be curved |
| yih | yih | be calm, quiet |
| yuc' | yuts' | be beaver castoreum |
| yəcɔp | ytsop | shaking object becomes firm |
| yəʕʷpiy'igʷt | y(wpi'yigwt | be able, capable, dependable, reasonable, willing |
| yuqʷ | yuqw | pretend |
| yɔqʷ | yoqw | pretend with something (to do something) |
y' | ||
| y'aʕ'pqin'ʷ | 'ya('pqi'n | be many, much |
| y'ɔqʷ | 'yoqw | tell lie |
gʷ/gw | ||
| gum | gum | crumble, be crummy |
| gʷaq | gwaq | be roomy |
| gʷaq' | gwaq' | spread apart as to part hair, remove layers |
| gʷax̣(-t) | gwaqh(-t) | be young |
| gʷalq' | gwalq' | uncover pit over |
| gʷar | gwar | scrape |
| gʷar' | gwa'r | be silvery, clear |
| gʷɛp | gwep | be hairy, grassy |
| gʷɛt'č | gwet'ch' | prong, gore |
| gʷɛš | gwesh | comb |
| gʷičt | gwicht | see |
| gʷɛn | gwen | be below, deep, low |
| gʷɛs | gwes | spin, twist thread |
| gʷɛy' | gwe'y | finish |
| gʷɛxʷ | gwekhw | pl. objects hang |
| gʷɛl | gwel | burn blaze |
| gʷɛl' | gwe'l | tilt |
| gʷiw | gwiw | wear in shreds |
| gʷis | gwis | be high |
| gʷic' | gwits' | pick out with stick |
| gʷiš | gwish | be weir |
| gʷič' | gwich' | be kindling |
| gʷigʷɛp | gwigwep | step back |
| gʷil | gwil | trust |
| gʷɔq | gwoq | make way through crowd |
| gʷənit | gwnit | call, summon |
| gʷənixʷ | gwnikhw | be true |
| gʷəɫ | gwɫ | twinkle |
kʷ/kw | ||
| kus(u-, -t) | kus(u-, -t) | be frisky, skittish, shy, timid |
| kus | kus | be curly |
| kul | kul | lend |
| kulsɛc | kulsets | hire |
| kuɫ | kuɫ | borrow |
| kʷar | kwar | be yellow |
| kʷɛl' | kwe'l | be hot, sunny, warm |
| kʷiʔc | kwi'ts | early in morning, be dusk |
| kʷin | kwin | take hold of one small object |
| kʷin | kwin | sing (with hən-) |
| kʷis(-t) | kwis(-t) | be named |
| kʷigʷ(-t) | kwigw(-t) | see faintly |
| kʷil | kwil | become red |
| kʷəl | kwl | be red |
k'ʷ/k'w | ||
| k'us | k'us | be easily split |
| k'usčɛʔ | k'usche' | haunt, ghost |
| k'ul' | k'u'l | do, make fix |
| k'ʷax̣ | k'waqh | be claw |
| k'ʷɛɫ | k'weɫ | tickle |
| k'ʷɛɫš | k'weɫsh | shy at |
| k'ʷaʕ | k'wa( | slide, slip, skid |
| k'ʷɛt' | k'wet' | expose, be evident, plain |
| k'ʷiʔ | k'wi' | bite |
| k'ʷiy' | k'wi'y | easy, quietly, still |
| k'ʷit' | k'wit' | take off clothes |
| k'ʷinš | k'winsh | how many? |
| k'ʷin' | k'wi'n | try choose, consider, examine |
xʷ/khw | ||
| xui | khui | go |
| xup(u-) | khup(u-) | increase magically |
| xup(u-) | khup(u-) | show off |
| xups | khups | slap with tail |
| xum' | khu'm | be homesick for, be lonely |
| xus | khus | arouse |
| xul | khul | bore hole |
| xuɫ | khuɫ | proceed to |
| xʷam | khwam | be roan color |
| xʷar | khwar | tremble, quiver |
| xʷar | khwar | a very long time |
| xʷɛp | khwep | spread, flatten out blanket |
| xʷɛd | khwed | itch |
| xʷɛt | khwet | be exhausted, come to end |
| xʷɛt' | khwet' | move hurriedly |
| xʷɛt'k'ʷ | khwet'k'w | rise suddenly (like hair or wire) |
| xʷɛc | khwets | suffer |
| xʷəxʷɛy'ɛʔ | khwkhwe'ye' | be narrow |
| xʷɛk'ʷ | khwek'w | clean, sweep |
| xʷɛl | khwel | clean material like moss, cotton |
| xʷɛl | khwel | be alive, live |
| xʷɛl' | khwe'l | set to spinning (as a top) |
| xʷɛʕ-əš | khwe(-sh | step over a person ceremonially |
| xʷiʔ | khwi' | here at this moment |
| xʷiʔt | khwi't | attack, abuse with words or act |
| xʷit | khwit | entertain, amuse |
| xʷiʔn | khwi'n | go along here |
| xʷis(-t) | khwis(-t) | one travels, goes about |
| xʷəxʷic | khwkhwits | be short |
| xʷic' | khwits' | point toward |
| xʷic' | khwits' | be helper to |
| xʷik'ʷ(-t) | khwik'w(-t) | be frosty |
q | ||
| qaqs | qaqs | serenade, sing war song |
| qax̣ | qaqh | make x̣ sound |
| qɛp | qep | pad |
| qɛm | qem | be home |
| qɛm | qem | be unconcerned, pay no attention |
| qɛm | qem | have cramp |
| qɛs | qɛs | scratch with nails |
| qɛc | qets | shrink in quantity |
| qɛq | qeq | cackle |
| qɛl(u-) | qel(u-) | be fresh |
| qɛɫ | qeɫ | be awake |
| qɛɫ | qeɫ | overcome great resistance, lift, succeed at what seems impossible |
| qiʔxʷ | qi'khw | smell, have odor |
| qigʷ | qigw | dig roots |
| qixʷ | qikhw | forbid, prevent from |
| qiltč | qiltch | be inland |
| qiɫ(-t) | qiɫ(-t) | wake up |
| qum' | qu'm | be dim, gray |
| quɫ(u-) | quɫ(u-) | be dusty |
| qɔqʷ | qoqw | be mouldy |
q' | ||
| q'aq'am'iy''ɛʔ | q'aq'a'mi'y'e' | fish |
| q'anc-iš | q'ants-ish | struggle for one's life (as in fire) |
| q'ɛpqʷ | q'epqw | trap in crotch |
| q'ɛm | q'em | desire, covet, long for |
| q'ɛm | q'em | swallow |
| q'ɛw | q'ew | break stiff object |
| q'ɛdɛm | q'edem | refuse, be balky |
| q'ɛt'p | q'et'p | go up incline |
| q'ɛsp | q'esp | be long time, long ago |
| q'ɛc' | q'ets' | braid, intertwine, weave, knit |
| q'ɛy' | q'e'y | be variegated, spotted |
| q'ɛy' | q'e'y | make pattern, write, design, take picture |
| q'ɛxʷ | q'ekhw | be proud |
| q'ɛx̣ | q'eqh | be frugal, grudging |
| q'ɛxʷ | q'ekhw | be lustful, have desire |
| q'ɛl | q'el | swing |
| q'ɛl'xʷ | q'e'lkhw | hook over, into |
| q'iʔ | q'i' | stick to, wedge into |
| q'iʔc' | q'i'ts' | vegetation grows |
| q'iw | q'iw | witch |
| q'iy' | q'i'y | cleft |
| q'əq'ixʷɛʔ | q'q'ikhwe' | few |
| q'up'(-t) | q'up'(-t) | rain |
| q'ut' | q'ut' | be woven, knitted |
| q'uc | q'uts | be fat |
| q'ul' | q'u'l | produce |
x̣/qh | ||
| x̣aʔm | qha'm | monster |
| x̣ax̣an'ut | qhaqha'nut | nine |
| x̣ac | qhats | bet |
| x̣ac'(u-) | qhats'(u-) | be queer |
| x̣ay'əš | qha'ysh | avenge |
| x̣ay'xiy' | qha'ykhi'y | one is large |
| x̣aq' | qhaq' | pay, reward |
| x̣al | qhal | redhot |
| x̣aɫ | qhaɫ | scare |
| x̣al | qhal | spy |
| x̣aʕ | qha( | fan |
| x̣ɛp | qhep | pile flat objects |
| x̣ɛp' | qhep' | button, fasten together, sew |
| x̣ɛm | qhem | bite |
| x̣ɛm | qhem | be heavy |
| x̣ɛmɛncɔtən | qhementsotn | leave one's own people, go to live with in-laws (prog. dis.) |
| ̣ɛminč | qheminch | like, love |
| x̣ɛmc | qhemts | shave hair |
| x̣ɛt | qhet | punish |
| x̣ɛt | qhet | club |
| x̣ɛt' | qhet' | gnaw, eat close, graze |
| x̣ɛs | qhes | be well, be good |
| x̣ɛc | qhets | be ready, clothed, get ready |
| x̣ɛcut | qhetsut | be companion to |
| x̣ɛc'(u-) | qhets'(u-) | arouse curiosity |
| x̣ɛy | qhey | be left over |
| x̣ɛl | qhel | lay evenly (as lumber) |
| x̣ɛl | qhel | be clear, bright, light |
| x̣ɛʕigʷ(-t) | qhe(igw(-t) | be full of holes so air can pass through |
| x̣ip | qhip | gnaw to destroy (as beaver, mouse, squirrel) |
| x̣iw | qhiw | be shy, timid, ashamed, embarrassed |
| x̣iw' | qhi'w | be raw (uncooked) |
| x̣it | qhit | be corrugated marked |
| x̣ic | qhits | threaten with hand |
| x̣iy | qhiy | gray (as horse) |
| x̣il | qhil | lick from (as salt from ground) |
| x̣iɫ | qhiɫ | fear |
| x̣iɫ | qhiɫ | leave, desert |
| x̣us | qhus | foam (like beer) |
| x̣ɔlq'ʷ | qholq'w | wind string evenly |
qʷ/qw | ||
| qʷaʔqʷɛʔl | qwa'qwe'l | speak, talk |
| qʷam | qwam | be pleasant, comfortable, fascinating, pleasing |
| qʷay | qway | joke, talk backward |
| qʷɛʔ | qwe' | continue with |
| qʷɛm' | qwe'm | ignore, be oblivious to |
| qʷɛs(u-) | qwes(u-) | blur, be foolish |
| qʷɛy' | qwe'y | be poor, pitiable, pity |
| qʷɛl' | qʷɛl' | be livid, bluish, angry |
| qʷɛʕʷ(u-) | qwe(w(u-) | be insane, drunk, foolish, irresponsible |
| qʷɛl' | qwe'l | enkindle, light |
| qʷiʔ | qwi' | be hollow |
| qʷiʔ | qwi' | be accustomed to |
| qʷin | qwin | be blue |
| qʷic | qwits | be warm |
| qʷiy(u-) | qwiy(u-) | have plenty |
| qʷiy'(-t) | qwi'y(-t) | have pity for |
| qʷil | qwil | cheat |
| qʷil' | qwi'l | kindle, light, make fire |
| qʷil' | qwi'l | starve |
| qʷun(u-) | qwun(u-) | be blue, green |
q'ʷ/q'w | ||
| q'us | q'us | be gathered, wrinkled |
| q'ʷal(-t) | q'wal(-t) | be black from burning |
| q'ʷɛd | q'wed | be black |
| q'ʷɛn'p' | q'we'np' | go out of sight, disappear |
| q'ʷɛs | q'wes | be wrinkled, shriveled |
| q'ʷɛc | q'wets | pl. are enduring, solid, firm |
| q'ʷɛy' | q'we'y | bounce, dance |
| q'ʷɛy' | q'we'y | wring, choke |
| q'ʷɛl | q'wel | cook, burn |
| q'ʷɛɫ | q'weɫ | have endurance, be long-winded |
| q'ʷid | q'wid | make black, blacken |
| q'ʷiʔɫ | q'wi'ɫ | move camp, village travels |
| q'ʷic'(-t) | q'wits'(-t) | be full |
| q'ʷiɫ | q'wiɫ | be enduring, persevering (in general sense) |
| q'ʷih | q'wih | be black (in describing person) |
| q'ʷəd(u-) | q'wd(u-) | be black (of horses) |
| q'ʷəliw | q'wliw | bear picks berries |
x̣ʷ/qhw | ||
| x̣up | qhup | be inefficient, careless |
| x̣ʷad | qhwad | be comical, be amused, laugh |
| x̣ʷat | qhwat | cut in two |
| x̣ʷaq'ʷ | qhwaq'w | divide, separate |
| x̣ʷaɫ | qhwaɫ | dart |
| x̣ʷɛn(u-) | qhwen(u-) | hurry to get at |
| x̣ʷɛc | qhwets | pass by |
| x̣ʷɛq'ʷ | qhweq'w | grind meal |
| x̣ʷic | qhwits | crop hair |
| x̣ʷiɫ | qhwiɫ | hurry at something |
l | ||
| laʔax̣̣ʷ | la'aqhw | be daytime, morning, tomorrow |
| laq | laq | pull out plants |
| laq' | laq' | pare, peel |
| laqʷ | laqw | store hanging (as tallow in paunch) |
| laq'ʷ | laq'w | be able |
| lax̣ʷ | laqhw | pl. round objects lie |
| lɛp'x̣ʷ | lep'qhw | fit into (as ball and socket) |
| lɛǰ(-p) | lej(-p) | stab |
| lɛǰ | lej | sting |
| lɛč' | lech' | bind |
| lɛč' | lech' | pl. are fierce |
| lɛkʷ | lekw | be far |
| lɛxʷ(-p) | lekhw(-p) | hurt |
| lɛxʷ | lekhw | perforate, be hole |
| laq' | laq' | search for |
| lax̣ | laqh | lighten, be electric |
| lax̣(-t) | laqh(-t) | be friend |
| lɛq' | leq' | bury |
| lɛʕʷ | le(w | draw on, make fit |
| liš | lish | be hilly, mountain |
| liʔlɛʔ(-t) | li'le'(-t) | pl. fly |
| lim(-t) | lim(-t) | be glad, thankful, pleased |
| ligʷ(-t) | ligw(-t) | snare, catch in trap |
| lup | lup | be dry, thirsty |
| lut | lut | be mischievous, not, negative |
| luk'ʷ | nluk'w | pull, pick off strings, fuzz |
ɫ | ||
| ɫac | ɫats | one drop falls |
| ɫapx̣ | ɫapqh | be slightly skinned |
| ɫay | ɫay | make dirty marks, scribble |
| ɫaxʷ | ɫakhw | wear, draw on |
| ɫaq | ɫaq | be serviceberry, do with serviceberry |
| ɫaq | ɫaq | mend, patch |
| ɫaqiʔ | ɫaqi' | pl. lower, fall, dismount |
| ɫaq' | ɫaq' | be wide |
| ɫaq' | ɫaq' | person lies on stomach, crouch |
| ɫaqʷ | ɫaqw | band used with pressure, belt |
| ɫaqʷ | ɫaqw | store hanging, hang on line |
| ɫaq'ʷ | ɫaq'w | skin, pull off |
| ɫax̣ʷ | ɫaqhw | move with weight and speed |
| ɫax̣ʷp | ɫaqhwp | escape |
| ɫax̣ʷp' | ɫaqhwp' | rush |
| ɫax̣ʷq' | ɫaqhwq' | foot slips |
| ɫaʕʷ(u-) | ɫa(w(u-) | be slippery (as ice) |
| ɫɛʔɛn | ɫe'en | be on opposite side |
| ɫɛp | ɫep | be difficult but possible of achievement, be disgusting |
| ɫɛp'(u-) | ɫep'(u-) | be undaunted |
| ɫɛp' | ɫep' | stripe, mark, make welt |
| ɫɛm' | ɫe'm | apologize |
| ɫɛtq' | ɫetq' | splash, drops hit surface |
| ɫɛt' | ɫet' | one jumps |
| ɫɛc | ɫets | flat objects lie |
| ɫɛč' | ɫech' | string breaks |
| ɫɛk'ʷ | ɫek'w | pierce with fine-pointed object, fork, barb, spike |
| ɫɛxʷ | ɫekhw | draw together, slip on |
| ɫɛxʷ | ɫekhw | sew |
| ɫɛq' | ɫeq' | make impound, round up animals |
| ɫɛl | ɫel | sprinkle |
| ɫɛʕ | ɫe( | skate, slide on ice |
| ɫiʔ | ɫi' | be close to edge, be border |
| ɫip' | ɫip' | make striped (?) |
| ɫit' | ɫit' | sprinkle ceremonially |
| ɫit' | ɫit' | pl. jump off of, out of |
| ɫitk'ʷ | ɫitk'w | pl. objects jerk into different position |
| ɫis | ɫis | measure, weigh |
| ɫəɫiy' | ɫɫi'y | spotted |
| ɫəɫikʷ(u-) | ɫɫikw(u-) | be speckled, small-spotted |
| ɫik'ʷ | ɫik'w | hairlike object breaks |
| ɫil | ɫil | sprinkle |
| ɫuʔ | ɫu' | be there near third person |
| ɫuʔum | ɫu'um | be in opposite direction |
| ɫuc' | ɫuts' | pl. sticklike objects break |
| ɫukʷ(u-) | ɫukw(u-) | be stained with blood |
| ɫuk'ʷ | ɫuk'w | recall, remember |
| ɫɔmɛn' | ɫome'n | scold |
| ɫɔq' | ɫoq' | be bald, bare |
l' (derivative) | ||
| l'əl'ič | 'l'lich | be thin slice |
| l'əl'ax̣ | 'l'laqh | lighten |
ʕ/( | ||
| ʕaw | (aw | drop |
| ʕax̣ | (aqh | wrap string evenly |
| ʕɛm(-t) | (em(-t) | melt, dissolve, waste away |
| ʕɛc | (ets | tie |
| ʕɛc' | (ets' | play out, wear out, become exhausted |
| ʕɛc'xʷ | (ets'khw | be worn out, tired |
| ʕɛc'xʷ | (ets'khw | be hungry for meat, surfeited with vegetable food |
| ʕɛy | (ey | be embittered |
| ʕɛy' | (e'y | be angry |
| ʕɛl' | (e'l | obstruct, cover |
| ʕipəlš | (iplsh | person hides |
| ʕid | (id | glow, become redhot |
| ʕic' | (its' | be persistent, tenacious, strive |
| ʕigʷ | (igw | throw pl. objects |
| ʕus(-t) | (us(-t) | be lost |
| ʕuy | (uy | coax, urge |
| ʕuy | (uy | waste, be extravagant |
| ʕuy-čt | (uy-cht | mistreat old or helpless |
ʕʷ/(w | ||
| ʕʷax̣ʷ | (waqhw | stringlike object extends |
| ʕʷaʔ | (wa' | reach into |
| ʕʷɛm'(-t) | (we'm(-t) | be enjoyable, wholesome |
| ʕʷɛl | (wel | dunk, dip to soak |
| ʕʷɛl-ɛʔl | (wel-e'l | come to a lake |
| ʕʷɛɫ(u-) | (weɫ(u-) | be of one piece |
| ʕʷi'-əlš | (wi'-lsh | vomit |
| ʕʷim | (wim | enjoy, relish |
| ʕʷimiš | (wimish | hurry on while moving |
| ʕʷits | (wits | smile, smirk |
h | ||
| ha | ha | laugh loudly, haw-haw |
| haq | haq | be space |
| har | har | snore |
| hɛʔin' | he'i'n | eight |
| hɛp | hep | gobble |
| hɛn | hen | be grayish in color |
| hɛʕʷ | he(w | growl like bear |
| hičɛʔ | hiche' | where? |
| hɔi | hoi | cease |
| hʕʷh | h(wh | frighten |
| Adverbs, Interjections, Conjunctions | ||
a | ||
| a··· | a··· | with rising tone, oh! |
| a··· | a··· | with even tone, disapproval |
| ax̣iw'ɫ | aqhi'wɫ | now, today |
| uc'-ax̣íɫ | uts'-aqhiɫ | because |
| pinč or pintč | pinch | always |
| p'unal' | p'una'l | at least |
| mɛl' | me'l | on near, touching, in addition to |
| miyɛɫ | miyeɫ | too, very |
| wax̣əm' | waqh'm | I told you so |
| wihuʔ | wihu' | short distance |
| w'ɛmnús | 'wemnus | in vain, useless |
| w'im' | 'wi'm | very near, almost |
| dɛʔɛɫ | de'eɫ | exceptionally, surprisingly |
| tɛmíš | temish | just, only |
| twɛ | twe | with |
| tqiltč | tqiltch | inland (hence east) |
| nɛm'n'us | ne'm'nus | I don't know |
| caʔx̣alp'út | tsa'qhalp'ut | what's the use! (a very mean word) |
| cmiʔ | tsmi' | it was to be but is not |
| an-šarišíɫ | an-sharishiɫ | upstream |
| šiʔmiš | shi'mish | anywhere, at random |
| čən' | ch'n | interrogative |
| č'am' | ch'a'm | just |
| yɛm-p | yem-p | forever |
| kum' | ku'm | and |
| kukúkʷ | kukukw | in the other room |
| kʷəm'ɫ | kw'mɫ | immediately |
| k'ʷnɛʔ | k'wne' | future |
| k'uk'ʷn'íy'ɛʔ | k'uk'w'ni'ye' | in a short while |
| k'uk'ʷiʔɫ | k'uk'wi'ɫ | in a short time |
| xʷaʔaɫ | khwa'aɫ | almost |
| xʷəč'i | khwch'i | interjection of admiration "how nice it is!" |
| x̣umút | qhumut | of course, I suppose |
| x̣ɛ́mɛʔč | qheme'ch | just you dare! |
| x̣ɛl | qhel | also, likewise |
| x̣ɛlɛʔ | qhele' | might, used in sense of expecting something unfavorable |
| x̣iɫ | qhiɫ | might, used in sense of possibility of any kind |
| ɫ | ɫ | connective |
| ɫuw'ɛ | ɫu'we | that near third person or remote |
| ɫɔqʷ | ɫoqw | and also |
| həɫ | hɫ | general connective |
| Nouns | ||
a | ||
| apótar | apotar | apostle |
| apls | apls | apple |
| anš | ansh | angel |
| asqʷ | asqw | son |
| ačačn-áɫqʷ | achachn-aɫqw | juniper |
| ay'x̣ | a'yqh | crayfish |
| y'-alstq | 'y-alstq | summer |
| aɫdárɛnč | aɫdarench | month, sun |
| aɫq'íc'ɛnč | aɫq'its'ench | snake |
| aɫq'ʷɛ́t'ut | aɫq'wet'ut | Plummer (place name) |
ɛ/e | ||
| ɛiji'p | eiji'p | Egypt |
| ɛtx̣ʷɛʔ | etqhwe' | camas |
| ačs-ɛt'qət | achs-et'qt | day time |
| ɛsčíčɛʔ | eschiche' | horse, pet, domestic animal |
| ɛɫʕʷɛc' | eɫ(wets' | magpie |
i | ||
| iʔi | i'i | turtledove |
| i'k'ʷul | i'k'wul | fish roe |
| ɛʔíxʷɛʔ | e'ikhwe' | mother's sister (dim.) |
| ilč | ilch | kinnikinnick berry |
u, ɔ/o | ||
| čs-ups | chs-ups | tail |
| usɛʔ | use' | egg |
| č'iy'-úkʷɛʔ | ch'i'y-ukwe' | w.s. younger brother |
| bu·lə· | bu·l· | bull |
| s-payóləmš | s-payolmsh | Spanish |
| s-pápx̣-ɫc'ɛʔ | s-papqh-ɫts'e' | ermine |
| patáq | pataq | potato |
| pɛ́wpuʔəš | pewpu'sh | tin oil can |
| s-pɛ́tɛp | s-petep | small gopher |
| pɛcčəlɛ | petschle | leaf, cabbage |
| pɛkut | pekut | skin, hide |
| pɛxpəxʷ | pekhpkhw | pekhpkhw |
| pípɛʔ | pipe' | father |
| piwyɛ | piwye | camas of Nez Perce country |
| s-pintč | s-pintch | year |
| pícɛʔ | pitse' | root digger |
| s-píčs-mən | s-pichs-mn | pestle |
| s-pílɛm | s-pilem | level land |
| ic-puʔs | its-pu's | desire, heart |
| s-pum | s-pum | fur, feathers (on animal) |
| s-puɫt | s-puɫt | feathers (loose) |
| pul'yɛ | pu'lye | gopher |
| pulyahal' | pulyaha'l | mole |
| s-pɔtc | s-potts | scab, sore, excrement |
| pól-pɔlq-ən | pol-polq-n | thimbleberry |
| s-pət'áswɛl | s-pt'aswel | trout |
| s-pətw'ínuxʷ | s-pt'winukhw | head of a nest, brood, house-hold |
| s-pəsáiyɛ | s-psaiye | folly, error |
| pus | pus | cat |
| púsɛʔ | puse' | father's brother |
p' | ||
| s-p'an'x̣ | s-p'a'nqh | woven bag |
| s-p'árk' w-alqs | s-p'ark' | turtle, pulley |
| p'ɛsta | p'esta | snipe |
| p'ɛstɛʔ | p'este' | nighthawk |
| p'ɛč'ən' | p'ech''n | lynx |
| p'ɛ́kʷleʔ | p'ekwle' | ball |
| s-p'ɛ́xʷ-ɛnč | s-p'ekhw-ench | hog fennel root |
| s-p'ít'ɛm | s-p'it'em | bitterroot |
| s-p'í-ɫc'ɛʔ | s-p'i-ɫts'e' | elk |
m | ||
| matus | matus | camas (piwyɛ) mush |
| masmɛs | masmes | a plant which smells awful when boiling |
| mác'-uɫt | mats'-uɫt | pus |
| mac'p | mats'p | bee, wasp |
| s-max̣íʔčn' | s-maqhi'ch'n | grizzly bear |
| malqɛnúps | malqenups | golden eagle |
| s-málq-ən | s-malq-n | cooked black moss |
| mimš | mimsh | box |
| mit'č'ɛdɛʔ | mit'ch'ede' | blood |
| mináčalqs | minachalqs | buzzard |
| s-míy'ɛm | s-mi'yem | woman, wife |
| mul | mul | butter |
| hən-múlšenč | hn-mulshench | beaver |
| s-mul'-mən | s-mu'l-mn | war spear |
| muh | muh | cow |
| mót'us | mot'us | kidney |
| ɛ-sən-məsməs-íw'ɛs | e-sn-msms-i'wes | yew-wood, heart of yew, bow-wood |
| s-məyíw | s-myiw | coyote |
| s-məɫíč | s-mɫich | salmon |
| s-m'ɛʔm'ín'ɛp | s-'me'mi'nep | toad |
| m'ɛl'ɛ | 'me'le | bait |
| s-m'-m'úcšən' | s-'m-'mutssh'n | female animal, mare |
| s-waʔítn' | s-wa'it'n | spring of water |
| wáx̣-iɫp | waqh-iɫp | dogwood |
w, w' | ||
| warč | warch | frog |
| wɛʔwiʔíč | we'wi'ich | whippoorwill |
| wɛsx̣ax̣ | wesqhaqh | robin |
| wɛhíma' | wehima' | Nez Perce people and country |
| s-wiwaláqən | s-wiwalaqn | Whispering-in-branches (place-name) |
| wišúʔus | wishu'us | black-tailed deer |
| wɔptú | woptu | potatoes that grow in Yakima and Nez Perce country |
| wəlwəlím | wlwlim | money, valuables |
| s-w'aʔ | s-'wa' | cougar |
| w'əlw'əl'ím | 'w'lw'lim | iron, knife |
d | ||
| dɛ́ščɛgʷɛ | deshchegwe | husband's brother, sister's husband |
| dɛɫ-ɛɫp | deɫ-eɫp | poplar |
| də-dɛ́l'dəl' | d-de'ld'l | bush (dim.) |
| dɛ́l'-əɫp | de'l-ɫp | willow tree |
| č-dɛl'-díl'p | ch-de'l-di'lp | bat, chickenhawk |
| s-dílu | s-dilu | switch |
| dupən | dupn | lasso |
| dúmcən | dumtsn | relative-friend |
| dúɫduɫp | duɫduɫp | trees of the poplar family |
| dəmínɛʔ | dmine' | nest |
t | ||
| s-tax̣-tɛ́x̣-al'čt | s-taqh-teqh-a'lcht | doll |
| tətaqʷ | ttaqw | gulch, hollow |
| s-tarɛ́q-šən | s-tareq-shn | mudhen |
| s-tɛm-ílgʷɛs | s-tem-ilgwes | relative |
| sən-tɛʔúləmš | sn-te'ulmsh | Spokane |
| s-tɛ́pax̣ʷ | s-tepaqhw | saliva |
| s-č-tɛm'p | s-ch-te'mp | cloud |
| s-təɫəm | s-tɫm | boat |
| s-tiʔ | s-ti' | thing |
| s-tim' | s-ti'm | what, something |
| tiwun-ɫcɛ | tiwun-ɫtse | doe |
| tíwɛmən | tiwemn | plaything of tallow (tiw indulge) |
| tinč | tinch | sinew, muscle |
| s-tičcsxʷ | s-tichtsskhw | red willowberry (?)(colloquial translation) |
| tikʷɛʔ | tikwe' | father's sister |
| tixʷcč | tikhwtsch | tongue |
| túpɛn' | tupe'n | spider |
| təm | tm | corpse, dead |
| s-tum'š | s-tu'msh | friend (used by Coyote and Fox only) |
| tunš | tunsh | m.s. sister's child, brother's child |
| tɔt | tot | pet animal |
| təmól'x̣ | tmo'lqh | hail |
| tətw'it | tt'wit | youth, young boy |
| s-tiyíč-šən | s-tiyich-shn | killdeer |
| tətm'ixʷ | tt'mikhw | animal |
| twiʔ | twi' | the poor thing! |
| tqəmíš | tqmish | snowbird (?) |
| tʕin | t(in | antelope |
t' | ||
| t'aqt'íčn | t'aqt'ichn | game, kill |
| t'ət'aqʷín' | t't'aqwi'n | one of the snipes |
| s-t'árt'ariʔm | s-t'art'ari'm | thunder (perhaps his name) |
| t'ɛʔkʷílš | t'e'kwilsh | shaman |
| s-t'ɛdɛʔ | s-t'ede' | hay, grass, fodder |
| t'ɛdɛʔ | t'ede' | canoe |
| tɛ́č'təč' | tech'tch' | blackbird |
| s-t'iičəmíš | s-t'iichmish | Virgin Mary |
| s-t'tím-čɛʔ | s-t'tim-che' | daughter |
| t'ínɛʔ | t'ine' | outer ear |
| t'ic' | t'its' | gum |
| s-t'íy-ɛɫcɛʔ | s-t'iy-eɫtse' | caribou |
| t'úpyɛʔ | t'upye' | great grandfather |
| s-t'únɫc'ɛʔ | s-t'unɫts'e' | mule deer |
| t'us | t'us | marrow |
| č-t'uxʷɛ́ʔus | ch-t'ukhwe'us | fat around stomach of animal |
| t'uxʷɛn | t'ukhwen | jointgrass |
| s-t'ɔpqs | s-t'opqs | thread |
| an-t'əl'ánɛʔ | an-t''lane' | wolf |
| hən-t'ək'ʷ'-íʔsen | hn-t'k'w-i'sen | seed, pit |
| s-t'am'á | s-t'a'ma | (ltəmš) cow |
n | ||
| nasx̣áʔax̣ | nasqha'aqh | m.s. father-in-law |
| naǰaró | najaro | scoundrel, rascal |
| naryɛ | narye | great great grandparent |
| nɛɫcíč | nɛɫcíč | m.s. mother-in-law |
| s-nínɛʔ | s-nine' | owl |
| s-nič'-ɫxʷ | s-nich'-ɫkhw | son-in-law (nič' cut; -lxʷ house) |
| núnɛʔ | nune' | mother |
| s-nɔs | s-nos | snot |
| nɔx̣nɔx̣ | noqhnoqh | spouse |
s | ||
| sɛtč | setch | paunch |
| sanpiyɛr | sanpiyer | St. Peter |
| sanpɔl | sanpol | St. Paul |
| santiglis | santiglis | Holy Church |
| sáxʷ-ɫkʷɛʔ | sakhw-ɫkwe' | vein |
| sarkʷs | sarkws | pine-squirrel |
| sar'íčn' | sa'rich'n | squirrel |
| ač-sɛt'qət | ach-set'qt | time |
| hən-sɛč'-əntəs | hn-sech'-nts | river |
| sɛč'-ɛčt | sech'-echt | black moss (raw) |
| siʔstəm | si'stm | m.s. brother's wife, wife's sister |
| sípəm | sipm | daughter-in-law |
| sisíʔ | sisi' | brother's brother (dim.) |
| siw's | si'ws | groundhog, prairie dog |
| sit, sítkʷ | sit, sitkw | winter |
| sítqaps | sitqaps | spring season |
| sitč | sitch | belly |
| sincɛʔ | sintse' | m.s younger brother |
| sič' | sich' | ground squirrel |
| siyól-alqʷ | siyol-alqw | stick |
| sikʷɛʔ | sikwe' | water |
| silɛʔ | sile' | mother's father |
| suyɛ́pəmš | suyepmsh | white man |
| sut'ɛʔsút'ɛ | sut'e'sut'e | rubber |
| susən' | sus'n | spoon |
| suxʷ-ɛnɛy' | sukhw-ene'y | rice, ant |
| sɔltɛs | soltes | soldier |
c/ts | ||
| s-cáʔaqʷ | s-tsa'aqw | fall, autumn |
| cánmən | tsanmn | Chinaman |
| s-caqəm | s-tsaqm | strawberry |
| cɛtxʷ | tsetkhw | house |
| hən-cáx̣ut | hn-tsaqhut | stream river |
| s-cíʔlɛɫ | s-tsi'leɫ | substitute |
| cišps | tsishps | fisher |
| cucyuʔ | tsutsyu' | firetongs |
| cəcíy'ɛʔ | tstsi'ye' | w.s. younger speaker |
| s-cumt | s-tsumt | going or coming soon |
| cuɫum | tsuɫum | buffalo |
| ɛ-cɔm'ɫxʷ | e-tso'mɫkhw | long house |
| ɛ-cɔm'ɫxʷ | a-cəcɔqálipɛ | red nits |
| ɛ-cəxʷ-cəxʷ-wəyípɛʔ | e-tskhw-tskhw-wyipe' | rosehips |
| s-cam' | s-tsa'm | bone, be bony |
c'/ts' | ||
| c'án'c'ən' | ts'a'nts''n | grasshopper |
| c'áq'-ɛɫp | ts'aq'-eɫp | fir |
| c'ax̣yúʔc'ən | ts'aqhyu'ts'n | mink |
| c'álus | ts'alus | kingfisher |
| a-c'áʕʷlɛp | a-ts'a(wlep | punk |
| s-c'ɛw'-íɫšən' | s-ts'e'w-iɫsh'n | splinter-leg |
| c'ɛkukʷ | ts'ekukw | elderberry |
| hən-c'ɛlšalps | hn-ts'elshalps | hardtack (a "story" word) |
| c'iʔ | ts'i' | deer |
| s-c'išt | s-ts'isht | m.s wife's brother, sister's husband |
| c'íxʷc'əxʷ | ts'ikhwts'khw | fishhawk |
| s-c'úʔ-šən | s-ts'u'-shn | foot (of slaughtered animal) |
| s-c'óm'-c'ɔm'-ɫt | s-ts'o'm-ts'o'm-ɫt | boil |
| s-š-c'əs-lúsɛʔ | s-sh-ts's-luse' | hail |
š/sh | ||
| šɛmɛn' | sheme'n | enemy |
| s-šɛt'ət | s-shet't | cubs |
| šɛt'ut | shet'ut | rock |
| s-šɛ́mpəm | s-shempm | dense fog |
| n-šɛ'gʷɛl | n-she'gwel | road |
| uhəs-šiʔmíš | uhs-shi'mish | my favorite |
| šiw't | shi'wt | rat |
| šəšiw't | shshi'wt | be daughter, girl |
ǰ/j | ||
| ǰísu | jisu | Jesus |
| ǰisɔkri | nico | Jesus Christ |
| ǰɔn | jon | John |
č/ch | ||
| čɛtulí | chetuli | Catholic |
| čɛ́lɛxʷ | chelekhw | muskrat |
| s-t-čɛ́lxəm | s-t-chelkhm | yellowhammer |
| s-čint | s-chint | person |
| s-t-č-čin'tus | s-t-ch-chi'ntus | pupil of eye |
| s-čícuʔəmš | s-chitsu'msh | Coeur d'Alene |
| s-čil | s-chil | game being tracked, quarry |
| t-čən-ítkupən | t-chn-itkupn | Englishman (King Georgeman) |
| čəčɛy'ɛʔ | chche'ye | w.s. mother's mother, daughter's child |
| čsups | chsups | tail |
č'/ch' | ||
| s-č'aɛʔ-qín'-šən' | s-ch'ae'-qi'n-sh'n | knee, knuckle |
| s-č'ɛʔílup | s-ch'e'ilup | last living relative |
| č'ɛsən' | ch'es'n | louse |
| s-č'ɛxuxʷ | s-ch'ekhukhw | tuberculosis |
| č'ɛx-qən | ch'ekh-qn | helldiver |
| č'iʔ | ch'i' | antler, horn |
| ɛ-č'ímul | e-ch'imul | pine needles |
| s-č'im' | s-ch'i'm | unidentified animal |
| s-t-č'íh-ayus | s-t-ch'ih-ayus | dandelion |
| č'ulai | ch'ulai | July 4 |
y, y' | ||
| yax̣-yax̣-útšən | yaqh-yaqh-utshn | badger |
| yuxʷmús | yukhwmus | Cold |
| yóp-yɔp-ɛnɛʔ | yop-yop-ene' | man-eaters |
| yəlmíxəm | ylmikhm | chief |
| hən-y'ar'íp | hn-'ya'rip | rear of house |
| y'úkʷɛʔ | 'yukwe' | w.s. younger brother |
gʷ, kʷ, k'ʷ/gw, kw, k'w | ||
| s-gʷárpɛm | s-gwarpem | flower |
| s-kum-kum-íwutšən | s-kum-kum-iwutsh | rainbow |
| s-kʷɛs-kʷɛs | s-kwes-kwes | chicken, pheasant |
| s-k'us-əsčɛʔ | s-k'us-sche' | ghost |
| s-t-k'ʷáy's-alqʷ | s-t-k'wa'ys-alqw | cedar tree |
| k'ʷɛpt | k'wept | spine, backbone |
| s-k'u-k'ʷɛ́l' | s-k'u-k'we'l | porcupine |
| s-k'ʷət'-kʷít'-ups | s-k'wt'-kwit'-ups | flea |
| k'ʷít'ɛn' | k'wit'e'n | mouse |
| s-k'u-k'ʷət-il't | s-k'u-k'wt-i'lt | fawn |
xʷ/khw | ||
| s-xúʔn-ɛč | s-khu'n-ech | thornberry |
| s-xʷáyapaqən | s-khwayapaqn | red willow |
| xʷɛm-ɛ́čt | khwem-echt | woodpecker |
| xʷɛlɛʔ | khwele' | meadowlark |
| xʷɛʕʷ | khwe(w | bear intestines |
| s-xʷít'-ɛčn' | s-khwit'-ech'n | dentalium |
| s-xʷutiʔ | s-khwuti' | goat |
| xʷəc'út | khwts'ut | Rocky Mountains |
| s-xʷəlíkʷ | s-khwlikw | whirlwind |
| s-xʷəl-ótqən | s-khwl-otqn | Jack Rabbit |
| s-xu-xʷóm'-qən' | s-khu-khwo'm-q'n | spoon of antler |
| s-xu-xʷól-qən' | s-khu-khwol-q'n | spearhead of antler |
q | ||
| sən-qɛm-íl'tups | sn-qem-i'ltups | dung (Coyote's powers) |
| qɛyíʔus | qeyi'us | Cayuse |
| qɛləspílɛm | qelspilem | Kalispelm country |
| qɛlpyɛ | qelpye | black swan |
| s-qɛl'sí | s-qe'lsi | Kutenai |
| qinɛʔ | qine' | father's mother |
| qicč | qitsch | older brother |
| s-qiqʷc | s-qiqwts | wild potato (?) (grows in water) |
| qíxʷəlš | qikhwlsh | fish |
| qiltč | qiltch | flesh, meat |
| qil'təmxʷ | qi'ltmkhw | man, husband |
| ɛ-qu-qul'iʔt | e-qu-qu'li't | balsam fir |
q' | ||
| s-q'ɛp-q'ɛp-ínɛʔ | s-q'ep-q'ep-ine' | sand |
| čat-q'ɛ́l-ɛy' | chat-q'el-e'y | lake (Chatcolet) |
| s-q'ɛl-íw'ɛs-šən | s-q'el-i'wes-shn | snowshoes |
| s-q'ɛl'-ɛps | s-q'e'l-eps | horse collar, necklace |
| s-q'ɛ́h-q'ɛh | s-q'eh-q'eh | small red chickenhawk |
| q'ip'xʷɛʔ | q'ip'khwe' | walnut |
| q'u-q'əm'íw'ɛs | q'u-q''mi'wes | colt |
| q'uc'wíyɛʔ | q'uts'wiye' | chipmunk |
| q'uyɛʔ | q'uye' | name of Coyote's powers |
| q'ɔm-qən | q'om-qn | (or k'ɔmqən) head |
x̣/qh | ||
| x̣ɛʔúləmxʷ | qhe'ulmkhw | rattlesnake |
| x̣ɛ́lɛxʷ | qhelekhw | tooth |
| x̣ɛlíqʷɛʔ | qheliqwe' | dried salmon roe |
| x̣ípɛʔ | qhipe' | father's father, son's child |
| s-x̣ít'-əmšən | s-qhit'-mshn | leggings, trousers |
| s-x̣íy-ɛʔst | s-qhiy-e'st | cooking stones |
qʷ/qw | ||
| s-qʷán-ɫkʷɛʔɛp | s-qwan-ɫkwe'ep | empty receptacle |
| s-qʷás-qʷasɛʔ | s-qwas-qwase' | child |
| s-qʷɛy-uʔ | s-qwey-u' | grape |
| s-qʷím'-us | s-qwi'm-us | woodtick |
| s-qʷíc-əmš | s-qwits-msh | cottontail |
| qʷílɛm' | qwile'm | song |
| qʷəlíwəl'š | qwliw'lsh | onion |
q'ʷ/q'w | ||
| q'ʷɛsu | q'wesu | bunch |
| s-q'ʷɛq'ʷ-alqʷ | s-q'weq'w-alqw | prairie grouse |
| sən-q'ʷədɛʔúsšən | sn-q'wde'usshn | root |
| s-t-q'ʷəsúm' | s-t-q'wsu'm | weasel |
| q'ʷuc'wiyɛʔ | q'wuts'wiye' | chipmunk |
x̣ʷ/qhw | ||
| s-x̣uʔxʷ | s-qhu'khw | steam, vapor |
| s-x̣úsəm | s-qhusm | soapberry |
| x̣ʷát-x̣ʷat | qhwat-qhwat | duck |
| x̣ʷəɫ-x̣ʷáɫ | qhwɫ-qhwaɫ | Rocky Mt. sheep |
| s-x̣ʷal-ísčən | s-qhwal-ischn | buck (deer) |
| s-x̣ʷɛ́ʕʷ-x̣ʷɛʕʷ | s-qhwe(w-qhwe(w | fox |
l | ||
| lawan | lawan | oats |
| láx̣ʷ-ləxʷ | laqhw-lkhw | cherry |
| s-lɛw'ínɛč | s-le'winech | crickets |
| lɛbotɛm | lebotem | bottle |
| lɛswip | leswip | Jew |
| ləsapɔt | lsapot | apostles |
| lup'ay' | lup'a'y | basket |
| lətkú | ltku | otter |
| ləkapí | lkapi | coffee |
| ləqɔsó | lqoso | pig |
ɫ, l' | ||
| hən-ɫámqɛʔ | hn-ɫamqe' | black bear |
| s-č-ɫɛmt | s-ch-ɫemt | light fog, dew |
| s-č-ɫus-mən | s-ch-ɫus-mn | eye |
| s-ɫəxʷ-čt | s-ɫkhw-cht | glove |
| ɫəčíp | ɫchip | bucket |
| l'əl'əpót | 'l'lpot | cup |
| l'ɛl'əq'ʷəl'š | 'le'lq'w'lsh | ripples |
ʕ, ʕʷ/(, (w | ||
| s-ʕin | s-(in | catbird |
| s-ʕíhɛnt | s-(ihent | goose |
| s-ʕʷɛ́l-gəl | s-(wel-gl | fishnet, bagnet |
h | ||
| háy-aqs | hay-aqs | pearl |
| hamɛɫtəmš | hameɫtmsh | fly, insect, maggot |
| hən-halacɛ́ | hn-halatse | (or cín) raspberry |
| hɛmɛʔ | heme' | French |